कला
See also: केला
Hindi
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /kə.lɑː/, [kə.l̪äː]
Declension
Declension of कला (fem ā-stem)
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
direct | कला kalā |
कलाएँ kalāẽ |
oblique | कला kalā |
कलाओं kalāõ |
vocative | कला kalā |
कलाओ kalāo |
See also
सफ़ेद (safed), श्वेत (śvet) | धूसर (dhūsar), छाई (chāī) | काला (kālā), श्याम (śyām) |
लाल (lāl), सुर्ख़ (surx); गहरा लाल (gahrā lāl), क़िरमिज़ी (qirmizī) | नारंगी (nāraṅgī), माल्टा (mālṭā); भूरा (bhūrā) | पीला (pīlā); मलाई (malāī) |
नींबू (nīmbū), सुगा पंछी (sugā pañchī) | हरा (harā) | |
आकाशी (ākāśī), आसमानी (āsmānī) | आसमानी (āsmānī) | नीला (nīlā), नील (nīl) |
जामुनी (jāmunī); नील (nīl) | रानी (rānī); बैंगनी (baiṅgnī), जामुनी (jāmunī) | गुलाबी (gulābī) |
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit कला (kalā). Cognate with Gujarati કલા (kalā), Hindi कला (kalā), Konkani कला (kalā), Nepali कला (kalā).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kə.la/
Declension
Declension of कला (kalā) | |||
---|---|---|---|
direct singular |
कला kalā | ||
direct plural |
कला kalā | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | कला kalā |
कला kalā | |
oblique | कले- kale- |
कलां- kalāN- | |
dative | कलेला kalelā |
कलांना kalāNnā | |
ergative | कलेने kalene |
कलांनी kalāNni | |
instrumental | कलेशी kaleśi |
कलांशी kalāNśi | |
locative | कलेत kalet |
कलांत kalāNt | |
vocative | कले kale |
कलांनो kalāNno | |
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Dative Note: -स (-sa) is archaic. -ते (-te) is limited to literary usage. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. |
Genitive declension of कला | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine object | feminine object | neuter object | oblique | |||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular* | plural | |||
singular subject | कलेचा kaleċā |
कलेचे kalece |
कलेची kaleci |
कलेच्या kaleca |
कलेचे, कलेचं kalece, kaleċa |
कलेची kaleci |
कलेच्या kaleca | |
plural subject | कलांचा kalāNċā |
कलांचे kalāNce |
कलांची kalāNci |
कलांच्या kalāNca |
कलांचे, कलांचं kalāNce, kalāNċa |
कलांची kalāNci |
कलांच्या kalāNca | |
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. |
References
- Berntsen, Maxine, “कला”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “कला”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911), “कला”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
Sanskrit
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).
Noun
कला • (kalā) f
- a small part of anything, any single part or portion of a whole, especially a sixteenth part
- a digit or one-sixteenth of the moon’s diameter
- a symbolical expression for the number sixteen
- interest on a capital (considered as a certain part of it)
- a division of time (said to be 1/900 of a day or 1-6 minutes; or 1/1800 of a day or 0-8 minutes commentator or commentary on; or 2 minutes and 26 54/201 seconds; or 1 minute and 35 205/301, seconds, or 8 seconds)
- the sixtieth part of one-thirtieth of a zodiacal sign, a minute of a degree
- (in prosody) a syllabic instant
- a term for the seven substrata of the elements or Dhatus of the human body (viz. flesh, blood, fat, phlegm, urine, bile, and semen)
- an atom (there are 3015 kalā-s or atoms in every one of the six dhātu-s, not counting the rasa-,therefore in all 18090)
- (with pāśupata-s) the elements of the gross or material world
- an embryo shortly after conception
- a designation of the three constituent parts of a sacrifice (viz. mantra-, dravya- and śraddhā-)
- the menstrual discharge
- any practical art, any mechanical or fine art (sixty-four are enumerated in the śaivatantra-;the following is a list of them: gītam-, vādyam-, nṛtyam-, nāṭyam-, ālekhyam-, viśeṣaka-cchedyam-, taṇḍula-kusuma-balivikārāḥ-, puṣpāstaranam-, daśana-vasanāṅgarāgāḥ-, maṇi-bhūmikā-karma-, śayana-racanam-, udaka-vādyam-, udaka-ghātaḥ-, citrā yogāḥ-, mālya-granthana-vikalpāḥ-, keśa-śekharāpīḍayojanam-, nepathya-yogāḥ-, karṇa-pattra-bhaṅgāḥ-, gandha-yuktiḥ-, bhūṣaṇa-yojanam-, indrajālam-, kaucumāra-yogāḥ-, hasta-lāghavam-, citraśākāpūpa-bhakṣya-vikāra-kriyā-, pānaka-rasarāgāsava-yojanam-, sūcīvāpa-karma-, vīṇā-ḍama-ruka-sūtra-krīḍā-, prahelikā-, pratimā-, durvacakayogāḥ-, pustaka-vācanam-, nāṭakākhyāyikā-darśanam-, kāvya-samasyā-pūraṇam-, paṭṭikā-vetrabāṇa-vikalpāḥ-, tarkū-karmāṇi-, takṣaṇam-, vāstu-vidyā-, rūpya-ratna-parīkṣā-, dhātu-vādaḥ-, maṇi-rāga-jñānam-, ākara-jñānam-, vṛkṣāyur-veda-yogāḥ-, meṣa-kukkuṭa-lāvaka-yuddha-vidhiḥ-, śuka-sārikā-pralāpanam-, utsādanam-, keśa-mārjana-kauśalam-, akṣara-muṣṭikā-kathanam-, mlechitaka-vikalpāḥ-, deśa-bhāṣā-jñānam-, puṣpa-śakaṭikā-nimitta-jñānam-, yantra-mātṛkā-, dhāraṇa-mātṛkā-, saṃpāṭyam-, mānasī kāvya-kriyā-, kriyā-vikalpāḥ-, chalitakayogāḥ-, abhidhāna-koṣa-cchando-jñānam-, vastra-gopanāni-, dyūta-viśeṣaḥ-, ākarṣaṇa-krīḍā-, bālaka-krīḍanakāni-, vaināyikīnāṃ vidyāṇāṃ jñānam-, vaijayikīnāṃ vidyānāṃ jñānam-)
- skill, ingenuity
- ignorance
- a low and sweet tone
- a boat
- name of a grammatical commentary
Declension
Feminine ā-stem declension of कला (kalā) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | कला kalā |
कले kale |
कलाः kalāḥ |
Vocative | कले kale |
कले kale |
कलाः kalāḥ |
Accusative | कलाम् kalām |
कले kale |
कलाः kalāḥ |
Instrumental | कलया / कला¹ kalayā / kalā¹ |
कलाभ्याम् kalābhyām |
कलाभिः kalābhiḥ |
Dative | कलायै kalāyai |
कलाभ्याम् kalābhyām |
कलाभ्यः kalābhyaḥ |
Ablative | कलायाः kalāyāḥ |
कलाभ्याम् kalābhyām |
कलाभ्यः kalābhyaḥ |
Genitive | कलायाः kalāyāḥ |
कलयोः kalayoḥ |
कलानाम् kalānām |
Locative | कलायाम् kalāyām |
कलयोः kalayoḥ |
कलासु kalāsu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
Descendants
- Central:
- Dardic:
- Kashmiri:
- Arabic script: کَل (kal)
- Devanagari script: कल (kal)
- Kashmiri:
- Northwestern:
- Lahnda: کَل
- Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਕਲ਼ (kaḷ)
- Shahmukhi script: کَلؕ (kaḷ)
- Sindhi:
- Arabic script: ڪَل
- Devanagari script: कल
- Southern:
- Dhivehi: ކާލި (kāli)
- Marathi: कळ् (kaḷ)
- Sinhalese: කල (kala)
- Eastern:
- Bengali: কল (kol)
- Oriya: କଳ (kôḷô)
- Western:
- Gujarati: કળ (kaḷ)
- → Newar:
Declension
Feminine ā-stem declension of कला (kalā) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | कला kalā |
कले kale |
कलाः kalāḥ |
Vocative | कले kale |
कले kale |
कलाः kalāḥ |
Accusative | कलाम् kalām |
कले kale |
कलाः kalāḥ |
Instrumental | कलया / कला¹ kalayā / kalā¹ |
कलाभ्याम् kalābhyām |
कलाभिः kalābhiḥ |
Dative | कलायै kalāyai |
कलाभ्याम् kalābhyām |
कलाभ्यः kalābhyaḥ |
Ablative | कलायाः kalāyāḥ |
कलाभ्याम् kalābhyām |
कलाभ्यः kalābhyaḥ |
Genitive | कलायाः kalāyāḥ |
कलयोः kalayoḥ |
कलानाम् kalānām |
Locative | कलायाम् kalāyām |
कलयोः kalayoḥ |
कलासु kalāsu |
Notes |
|
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kalā́”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 149
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