भाषा

See also: भीषा

Bhojpuri

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).

Noun

भाषा (bhāṣā) f (Kaithi 𑂦𑂰𑂭𑂰)

language
भोजपुरी भाषा ― bhojapurī bhāṣā ― Bhojpuri language

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /bʱɑː.ʂɑː/, [bʱäː.ʃäː]

Noun

भाषा • (bhāṣā) f (Urdu spelling بھاشا‎)

language, speech, dialect
संस्कृत बहुत समृद्ध भाषा है।
sanskŕt bahut samŕddh bhāṣā hai.
Sanskrit is a very rich language.

वह भाषा की उत्पत्ति पर खोज कर रहा है।
vah bhāṣā kī utpatti par khoj kar rahā hai.
He is doing research on the origins of language

Declension

Declension of भाषा (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	भाषा bhāṣā	भाषाएँ bhāṣāẽ
oblique	भाषा bhāṣā	भाषाओं bhāṣāõ
vocative	भाषा bhāṣā	भाषाओ bhāṣāo

Synonyms

ज़बान (zabān)
बोली (bolī)

Derived terms

देशभाषा (deśbhāṣā)
परिभाषा (paribhāṣā)
भारतीय आर्य भाषा (bhārtīya ārya bhāṣā)
भाषा-परिवार (bhāṣā-parivār)
भाषांतर (bhāṣāntar)
भाषांतरकार (bhāṣāntarkār)
भाषागत (bhāṣāgat)
भाषाविज्ञान (bhāṣāvigyān)
भाषावैज्ञानिक (bhāṣāvaigyānik)
मातृभाषा (mātŕbhāṣā)
राष्ट्रभाषा (rāṣṭrabhāṣā)

References

Platts, John T. (1884), “भाषा”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bʱa.ʂa/

Noun

भाषा • (bhāṣā) f

language
इंग्रजी एक जागतिक भाषा आहे.
iṅgrajī ek jāgtik bhāṣā āhe.
English is a global language.

Synonym: बोली (bolī)

Declension

Declension of भाषा (bhāṣā)
direct singular	भाषा bhāṣā
direct plural	भाषा bhāṣā
	singular	plural
nominative	भाषा bhāṣā	भाषा bhāṣā
oblique	भाषे- bhāṣe-	भाषां- bhāṣāN-
dative	भाषेला bhāṣelā	भाषांना bhāṣāNnā
ergative	भाषेने bhāṣene	भाषांनी bhāṣāNni
instrumental	भाषेशी bhāṣeśi	भाषांशी bhāṣāNśi
locative	भाषेत bhāṣet	भाषांत bhāṣāNt
vocative	भाषे bhāṣe	भाषांनो bhāṣāNno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Dative Note: -स (-sa) is archaic. -ते (-te) is limited to literary usage. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of भाषा
	masculine object		feminine object		neuter object		oblique
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular^*	plural
singular subject	भाषेचा bhāṣeċā	भाषेचे bhāṣece	भाषेची bhāṣeci	भाषेच्या bhāṣeca	भाषेचे, भाषेचं bhāṣece, bhāṣeċa	भाषेची bhāṣeci	भाषेच्या bhāṣeca
plural subject	भाषांचा bhāṣāNċā	भाषांचे bhāṣāNce	भाषांची bhāṣāNci	भाषांच्या bhāṣāNca	भाषांचे, भाषांचं bhāṣāNce, bhāṣāNċa	भाषांची bhāṣāNci	भाषांच्या bhāṣāNca
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

अधिकृत भाषा (adhikrut bhāṣā, “official language”)
जन्मभाषा (janmabhāṣā)
देवभाषा (devbhāṣā, “Gods' language”)
बालभाषा (bālbhāṣā)
बोलीभाषा (bolībhāṣā, “colloquial language”)
भाषाकुळ (bhāṣākuḷ, “language family”)
भाषाविज्ञान (bhāṣāvidnyān, “linguistics”)
भाषावैज्ञानिक (bhāṣāvaidnyānik, “linguist”)
भाषाशैली (bhāṣāśailī)
भाषांतर (bhāṣāntar, “translation”)
भाषांतरकार (bhāṣāntarkār, “translator”)
मातृभाषा (mātrubhāṣā, “mother tongue”)
राज्यभाषा (rājyabhāṣā, “state language”)
राष्ट्रभाषा (rāṣṭrabhāṣā, “national language”)
संस्कृत भाषा (sauskrut bhāṣā, “Sanskrit language”)

References

Berntsen, Maxine, “भाषा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “भाषा”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911), “भाषा”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [bʱä̤sä]

Phonetic Devanagari: भासा

Noun

भाषा • (bhāṣā)

language
Synonym: कुरा (kurā)

Declension

Declension of भाषा
	Singular	Plural
nominative	भाषा [bʱäsä]	भाषाहरू [bʱäsä̤ːɾu]
accusative	भाषालाई [bʱäsäläi]	भाषाहरूलाई [bʱäsä̤ːɾuläi]
instrumental/ergative	भाषाले [bʱäsäle]	भाषाहरूले [bʱäsä̤ːɾule]
dative	भाषालाई [bʱäsäläi]	भाषाहरूलाई [bʱäsä̤ːɾuläi]
ablative	भाषाबाट [bʱäsäbäʈʌ]	भाषाहरूबाट [bʱäsä̤ːɾubäʈʌ]
genitive	भाषाको [bʱäsäko]	भाषाहरूको [bʱäsä̤ːɾuko]
locative	भाषामा [bʱäsämä]	भाषाहरूमा [bʱäsä̤ːɾumä]

Notes: -को (-ko) becomes: -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun. -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Newar

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [bʱasa]

Noun

भाषा • (bhāṣā)

language

Old Gujarati

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).

Noun

भाषा • (bhāṣā) f

talk, utterance

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ᬪᬵᬱᬵ (Balinese script)
ভাষা (Assamese script)
ভাষা (Bengali script)
𑰥𑰯𑰬𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀪𑀸𑀱𑀸 (Brahmi script)
𑌭𑌾𑌷𑌾 (Grantha script)
ભાષા (Gujarati script)
ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (Gurmukhi script)
ꦨꦴꦰꦴ (Javanese script)
ភាឞា (Khmer script)
ಭಾಷಾ (Kannada script)
ຠາຩາ (Lao script)
ഭാഷാ (Malayalam script)
𑘥𑘰𑘬𑘰 (Modi script)
ᠪᠾᠠᢗᢔᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
ᢨᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢢᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
ဘာၑာ (Burmese script)
𑧅𑧑𑧌𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 (Newa script)
ଭାଷା (Oriya script)
ꢩꢵꢰꢵ (Saurashtra script)
𑆨𑆳𑆰𑆳 (Sharada script)
𑖥𑖯𑖬𑖯 (Siddham script)
භාෂා (Sinhalese script)
భాషా (Telugu script)
ภาษา (Thai script)
བྷཱ་ཥཱ (Tibetan script)
𑒦𑒰𑒭𑒰 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰáHṣaH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰáHšaH (“language”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-. Cognate with Latin fās. Related to the verb भाषति (bhāṣati).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /bʱɑ́ː.ʂɑː/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈbʱɑː.ʂɑː/

Noun

भाषा • (bhā́ṣā) f

speech, language (especially common, vernacular or vulgar speech, as opposed to Vedic or in later times to Sanskrit, as the refined speech)
any Prakrit dialect or a particular group of 5 of them (namely माहाराष्ट्री (māhārāṣṭrī), शौरसेनी (śaurasenī), मागध (māgadha), प्राच्या (prācyā) and अवन्ति (avanti), also called पञ्चविधा (pañcavidhā))
description, definition
(law) accusation, charge, complaint, plaint
name of Saraswati
(music) name of रागिणी (rāgiṇī)

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of भाषा (bhā́ṣā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	भाषा bhā́ṣā	भाषे bhā́ṣe	भाषाः bhā́ṣāḥ
Vocative	भाषे bhā́ṣe	भाषे bhā́ṣe	भाषाः bhā́ṣāḥ
Accusative	भाषाम् bhā́ṣām	भाषे bhā́ṣe	भाषाः bhā́ṣāḥ
Instrumental	भाषया / भाषा¹ bhā́ṣayā / bhā́ṣā¹	भाषाभ्याम् bhā́ṣābhyām	भाषाभिः bhā́ṣābhiḥ
Dative	भाषायै bhā́ṣāyai	भाषाभ्याम् bhā́ṣābhyām	भाषाभ्यः bhā́ṣābhyaḥ
Ablative	भाषायाः bhā́ṣāyāḥ	भाषाभ्याम् bhā́ṣābhyām	भाषाभ्यः bhā́ṣābhyaḥ
Genitive	भाषायाः bhā́ṣāyāḥ	भाषयोः bhā́ṣayoḥ	भाषाणाम् bhā́ṣāṇām
Locative	भाषायाम् bhā́ṣāyām	भाषयोः bhā́ṣayoḥ	भाषासु bhā́ṣāsu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

देवभाषा (devabhāṣā)
पालिभाषा (pālibhāṣā)
भाषाकुमुदमञ्जरी (bhāṣākumudamañjarī)
भाषाकौमुदी (bhāṣākaumudī)
भाषाचित्रक (bhāṣācitraka)
भाषाज्ञ (bhāṣājña)
भाषानुशासन (bhāṣānuśāsana)
भाषान्तर (bhāṣāntara)
भाषापरिच्छेद (bhāṣāpariccheda)
भाषापाद (bhāṣāpāda)
भाषाप्रकाशिका (bhāṣāprakāśikā)
भाषामञ्जरी (bhāṣāmañjarī)
भाषारत्न (bhāṣāratna)
भाषार्णव (bhāṣārṇava)
भाषालीलावती (bhāṣālīlāvatī)
भाषाविवृतिगीता (bhāṣāvivṛtigītā)
भाषावृत्ति (bhāṣāvṛtti)
भाषावृत्त्यर्थवृत्ति (bhāṣāvṛttyarthavṛtti)
भाषासम (bhāṣāsama)
भाषासमिति (bhāṣāsamiti)

Descendants

Terms inherited from भाषा (bhāṣā)

Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀲𑀸 (bhāsā)
- Dardic:
  - Dameli: [script needed] (bâṣa, “language”)
    - Shina: بݜ‎ (baṣ)
      - → Domaaki: [script needed] (bāṣ)
- Eastern:
  - Bengali: ভাস (bhaś)
  - Bihari:
    - Maithili: भास (bhās)
  - Chakma: 𑄞𑄌𑄴 (bhāc)
- Northern:
  - Garhwali: भाख (bhākh)
  - Kumaoni: भाश
  - Nepali: भास (bhās)
- Southern:
  - Elu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ބަސް‎ (bas, “language”)
    - Sinhalese: බහ (baha, “word, saying”)
  - Maharashtri Prakrit:
    - Konkani: भास (bhās)
- Central:
  - Chhattisgarhi: भाखा (bhākhā)

Terms borrowed from भाषा (bhāṣā)

Pali: bhāsā
- → Burmese: ဘာသာ (bhasa)
- → Isan: ภาษา (páa-sǎa)
- → Khmer: ភាសា (phiəsaa)
- → Khün: ᨽᩣᩈᩣ
- → Northern Thai: ᨽᩣᩈᩣ
- → Lao: ພາສາ (phā sā)
- → Lü: ᦘᦱᦉᦱ (phaaṡaa)
- → Mon: ဘာသာ (pʰesa)
- → Northern Thai: ᨽᩣᩇᩣ (bhasa)
- → Shan: ၽႃႇသႃႇ (phàa sàa)
- → Thai: ภาษา (paa-sǎa)
→ Acehnese: بهسا‎ (bahsa)
→ Assamese: ভাষা (bhaxa)
→ Badaga: பாஷை (pāṣai)
→ Balinese: ᬩᬲ (basa)
→ Banjarese: بهاس‎ (bahasa)
→ Bengali: ভাষা (bhaśa)
→ Betawi: bahasa
→ Buginese: ᨅᨔ (basa)
→ Cia-Cia: bahasa / 바하사 (bahasa)
→ Dogri: bhāśā
Devanagari script: भाशा

Dogra script: 𑠡𑠬𑠧𑠬
→ Fiji Hindi: भाषा (bhāṣā), bhasa
→ Gujarati: ભાષા (bhāṣā)
→ Hindi: भाषा (bhāṣā)
→ Ilocano: basa
→ Kachchi: ભાષા (bhāṣā) (learned)
→ Kannada: ಭಾಷೆ (bhāṣe)
→ Old Javanese: bhāṣa
- Javanese: ꦧꦱ (basa)
- → Balinese: ᬪᬵᬱ (basa)
→ Madurese: بَهاسَ‎ (basa)
→ Maguindanao: bahasah
→ Makasar: ᨅᨔ (basa)
→ Malay: bahasa (بهاس)
- Indonesian: bahasa, basa
  - → Dutch: bahasa
  - → English: Bahasa (with Malay bahasa)
- → English: Bahasa (with Indonesian bahasa)
- Pattani Malay: بهاس‎ (bahasa)
→ Malayalam: ഭാഷ (bhāṣa)
→ Marathi: भाषा (bhāṣā)
→ Maranao: basa
→ Minangkabau: باسو‎ (baso)
→ Nepali: भाषा (bhāṣā)
→ Newar: भाषा (bhāṣā)
→ Northern Khmer: พซา
→ Oriya: ଭାଷା (bhaṣa)
→ Punjabi: ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (bhāśā)
→ Sinhalese: භාෂාව (bhāṣāwa)
→ Sundanese: ᮘᮞ (basa)
→ Tamil: பாஷை (pāṣai), பாசை (pācai)
→ Tausug: bahasa
→ Telugu: భాష (bhāṣa)
→ Tulu: ಬಾಸೆ (bāse)
→ Urdu: بھاشا‎ (bhāśā)
→ Yakan: bahasa
→ Proto-Nuristani:
- Waigali: [script needed] (bāṣ, “word”)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “भाषा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0755.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “bhasa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 540

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