यवन
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬬᬯᬦ (Balinese script)
- যৱন (Assamese script)
- যবন (Bengali script)
- 𑰧𑰪𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀬𑀯𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌯𑌵𑌨 (Grantha script)
- યવન (Gujarati script)
- ਯਵਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦪꦮꦤ (Javanese script)
- យវន (Khmer script)
- ಯವನ (Kannada script)
- ຍວນ (Lao script)
- യവന (Malayalam script)
- 𑘧𑘪𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᠶ᠋ᠠᠸᠠᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᠶᠠᠸᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- ယဝန (Burmese script)
- 𑧇𑧊𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐫𑐰𑐣 (Newa script)
- ଯଵନ (Oriya script)
- ꢫꢮꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆪𑆮𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖧𑖪𑖡 (Siddham script)
- යවන (Sinhalese script)
- యవన (Telugu script)
- ยวน (Thai script)
- ཡ་ཝ་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒨𑒫𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
Borrowed from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀬𑁄𑀦 (yona), borrowed from Old Persian 𐎹𐎢𐎴 (y-u-n /yauna/), ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἴων (Íōn, “an Ionian”). The earliest foreign contact of Sanskrit speakers (apart from India and nearby places) was likely the armies of Alexander the Great. See also म्लेच्छ (mleccha, “non-Aryan, barbarian”).
Noun
यवन • (yavana) m
- a foreigner, an outsider not part of the four-tiers of varna
- a Greek, Ionian
- यवनेश्वर ― yavaneśvara ― king of the Greeks
- Bactrian
- Scythians
- c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 1.54.20b, 21a:
- विश्वामित्र अर्दितान् दृष्ट्वा पह्लवान् शतशः तदा ॥
भूय एव असृजत् घोरान् शकान् यवन मिश्रितान् ।- viśvāmitra arditān dṛṣṭvā pahlavān śataśaḥ tadā .
bhūya eva asṛjat ghorān śakān yavana miśritān .
- 2002 translation by Desiraju Hanumanta Rao
- On seeing the subdual of hundreds of Pahlava-s by Vishvamitra, then the Sacred Cow again generated deadly Shaka-s hobnobbed with Yavana-s through her mooing 'hums'.
- viśvāmitra arditān dṛṣṭvā pahlavān śataśaḥ tadā .
- विश्वामित्र अर्दितान् दृष्ट्वा पह्लवान् शतशः तदा ॥
- Arab, Muslim
- (Late Sanskrit) a European
- a Greek, Ionian
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of यवन | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | यवनः (yavanaḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | यवनस्य (yavanasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | यवनः (yavanaḥ) | यवनौ (yavanau) | यवनाः (yavanāḥ) |
| Vocative | यवन (yavana) | यवनौ (yavanau) | यवनाः (yavanāḥ) |
| Accusative | यवनम् (yavanam) | यवनौ (yavanau) | यवनान् (yavanān) |
| Instrumental | यवनेन (yavanena) | यवनाभ्याम् (yavanābhyām) | यवनैः (yavanaiḥ) |
| Dative | यवनाय (yavanāya) | यवनाभ्याम् (yavanābhyām) | यवनेभ्यः (yavanebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | यवनात् (yavanāt) | यवनाभ्याम् (yavanābhyām) | यवनेभ्यः (yavanebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | यवनस्य (yavanasya) | यवनयोः (yavanayoḥ) | यवनानाम् (yavanānām) |
| Locative | यवने (yavane) | यवनयोः (yavanayoḥ) | यवनेषु (yavaneṣu) |
Descendants
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “यवन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 848.
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