健

健	U+5065, 健 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5065

← 偤
[U+5064]

CJK Unified Ideographs

偦 →
[U+5066]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

健 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人弓大手 (ONKQ), four-corner 2524₀, composition ⿰亻建)

Derived characters

𮧨, 𨫡, 𮅿, 𩅋

References

KangXi: page 111, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 875
Dae Jaweon: page 237, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 184, character 9
Unihan data for U+5065

Chinese

simp. and trad.		健
2nd round simp.		伣
alternative forms		徤

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 健

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Small seal script

**Small seal script**
s05709

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (建) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
犍	ɡran, kan
騝	ɡran, kan
鍵	ɡran, ɡranʔ, *ɡanʔ
揵	ɡran, kanʔ
鞬	*kan
腱	kan, ɡans
湕	*kanʔ
建	*kans
旔	*kans
楗	*ɡanʔ
健	*ɡans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡans) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 建 (OC *kans).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gin⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gen⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khien / khian

(Meixian, Guangdong): kian⁴
Min Dong (BUC): giâng / giông
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kiāⁿ / kiān

(Teochew, Peng'im): giang⁶ / giêng⁶ / gian⁷
Wu (Wiktionary): ³jji

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
  - Wade–Giles: chien⁴
  - Yale: jyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gin⁶
  - Yale: gihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gin⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gin⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gen⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ken³²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khien
  - Hakka Romanization System: kien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khian
  - Hakka Romanization System: kian
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /cʰian⁵³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: giâng / giông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiɑŋ²⁴²/, /kyɔŋ²⁴²/

Note:

giâng - vernacular;
giông - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiāⁿ / kiān
  - Tâi-lô: kiānn / kiān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvia, kien
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiã²²/, /kiɛn²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiã⁴¹/, /kiɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiã²²/, /kiɛn²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiã³³/, /kiɛn³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiã³³/, /kiɛn³³/

Note:

kiāⁿ - vernacular;
kiān - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: giang⁶ / giêng⁶ / gian⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiăng / kiĕng / kiāⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiaŋ³⁵/, /kieŋ³⁵/, /kĩã¹¹/

Note:

giang6/giêng6 - literary (giêng6 - Chaozhou);
gian7 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ³jji
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥͡ʑi²³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 健
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕian⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕian⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕian⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiã²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕian³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕian¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕian²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕiɛn³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕian¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕian²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕien⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕi³⁵/
	Suzhou	/d͡ʑiɪ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑiẽ̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡ʑi²²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰie²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕiɛ⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiɛn²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰian⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kʰien⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kin²²/
	Nanning	/kin²²/
	Hong Kong	/kin²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kian²²/ /kiã²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kyɔŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kyiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kiaŋ³⁵/ /kiã³¹/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kin³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ɡɨɐn^H/

Rime
Character	健
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠建切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨɐn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiɐn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨan^H/
Li Rong	/ɡiɐn^H/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɐn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/gɨ̯ɐn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡans/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	健
Reading #	1/1
No.	6224
Phonetic component	建
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	健
Old Chinese	/*ɡans/

Definitions

健

strong; robust; vigorous
healthy; in good health
健康 ― jiànkāng ― health; healthy; sound
adeptly; energetically
a surname

Compounds

Derived terms from 健

伉健
保健 (bǎojiàn)
保健操 (bǎojiàncāo)
保健物理
健仰
健保 (jiànbǎo)
健保卡
健全 (jiànquán)
健力
健力舞
健吏
健在 (jiànzài)
健存
健康 (jiànkāng)
健康教育
健康醋
健康食品 (jiànkāng shípǐn)
健忘 (jiànwàng)
健忘症 (jiànwàngzhèng)
健捷
健旺 (jiànwàng)
健朗
健步 (jiànbù)
健水
健浪
健美 (jiànměi)
健美操
健胃

健胸
健舞
健行 (jiànxíng)
健起
健身 (jiànshēn)
健身房 (jiànshēnfáng)
健身院
全民健保
勇健 (yǒngjiàn)
官健
康健 (kāngjiàn)
心理健康 (xīnlǐ jiànkāng)
爽健 (shuǎngjiàn)
雄健 (xióngjiàn)
雅健
保健粉筆／保健粉笔
健兒／健儿 (jiàn'ér)
健兒門診／健儿门诊
健力運動／健力运动
健壯／健壮 (jiànzhuàng)
健婦／健妇
健實／健实
健將／健将 (jiànjiàng)
健康保險／健康保险 (jiànkāng bǎoxiǎn)
健康檢查／健康检查
健康襪／健康袜
健檢／健检
健步如飛／健步如飞 (jiànbùrúfēi)

健碩／健硕 (jiànshuò)
健筆／健笔
健美褲／健美裤
健美運動／健美运动 (jiànměi yùndòng)
健羨／健羡
健胃劑／健胃剂
健訟／健讼
健談／健谈 (jiàntán)
優生保健／优生保健
凌雲健筆／凌云健笔
刁健訟棍／刁健讼棍
剛健／刚健 (gāngjiàn)
四健會／四健会
壯健／壮健 (zhuàngjiàn)
尖齊圓健／尖齐圆健
強健／强健 (qiángjiàn)
復健／复健 (fùjiàn)
復健中心／复健中心
復健醫學／复健医学
矯健／矫健 (jiǎojiàn)
神爽體健／神爽体健
積健為雄／积健为雄
穩健／稳健 (wěnjiàn)
身輕體健／身轻体健
輕健／轻健 (qīngjiàn)
頑健／顽健
馬前健／马前健

Japanese

Kanji

健

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

strong, robust, healthy
strength

Readings

Go-on: ごん (gon)
Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
Kun: すこやか (sukoyaka, 健やか, Jōyō); たけし (takeshi, 健し); したたか (shitataka, 健か)

Compounds

健康(けんこう) (kenkō): health
健全(けんぜん) (kenzen)
健闘(けんとう) (kentō): good fight, strenuous effort

Proper noun

健(けん) • (Ken)

a male given name

健(たけし) • (Takeshi)

a male given name

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 健 (MC ɡɨɐn^H).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 껀〮 (Yale: kkén) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 건 (ken) (Yale: ken) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kɘ(ː)n]
Phonetic hangul: [건(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 健 (eumhun 굳셀 건 (gutsel geon))
健 (eumhun 건강할 건 (geon'ganghal geon))

Hanja form^? of 건 (“strong; firm”).
Hanja form^? of 건 (“used to form nouns related to health”).

Compounds

건각 (健脚, geon'gak)
건강 (健康, geon'gang)
건경 (健勁, geon'gyeong)
건담 (健啖, geondam)
건망 (健忘, geonmang)
건보 (健步, geonbo)
건부 (健夫, geonbu)
건부 (健婦, geonbu)
건상 (健爽, geonsang)
건선 (健羨, geonseon)
건승 (健勝, geonseung)
건식 (健食, geonsik)
건실 (健實, geonsil)
건아 (健兒, geona)
건완 (健腕, geonwan)
건위 (健胃, geonwi)
건장 (健壯, geonjang)
건재 (健在, geonjae)
건전 (健全, geonjeon)
건첩 (健捷, geoncheop)
건투 (健鬪, geontu)
건필 (健筆, geonpil)
강건 (剛健, ganggeon)
강건 (康健, ganggeon)
경건 (勁健, gyeonggeon)
권건 (權健, gwon'geon)
보건 (保健, bogeon)
필건 (筆健, pilgeon)
항건 (伉健, hanggeon)
건담가 (健啖家, geondamga)
건망증 (健忘症, geonmangjeung)
건망실어증 (健忘失語症, geonmangsireojeung)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

健: Hán Nôm readings: kiện, kẹn, lương

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