標準

See also: 标准 and 標准

Chinese

		the topmost branches of a tree; surface; sign the topmost branches of a tree; surface; sign; to mark; (outward) sign; indication; prize; award; bid	accurate; standard
trad. (標準/標准)		標	準/准
simp. (标准)		标	准

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): biāozhǔn

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄠㄓㄨㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): biu¹ zeon²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phêu-chún

(Meixian, Guangdong): biau¹ zun³
Min Dong (BUC): biĕu-cūng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): piau-chún / phiau-chún

(Teochew, Peng'im): piou¹ zung² / piao¹ zung²
Wu (Wiktionary): ¹piau-tsen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: biāozhǔn
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄠㄓㄨㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: biaojhǔn
  - Wade–Giles: piao¹-chun³
  - Yale: byāu-jwǔn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biaujoen
  - Palladius: бяочжунь (bjaočžunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pjɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂwən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: biu¹ zeon²
  - Yale: bīu jéun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: biu¹ dzoen²
  - Guangdong Romanization: biu¹ zên²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piːu̯⁵⁵ t͡ʃɵn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phêu-chún
  - Hakka Romanization System: peu´ zun`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: peu¹ zun³
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰeu̯²⁴ t͡sun³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: biau¹ zun³
  - Sinological IPA: /piau⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sun³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: biĕu-cūng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pieu⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(t͡s-)ʒuŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piau-chún
  - Tâi-lô: piau-tsún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piauzuon
  - IPA (Xiamen): /piau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun⁵³/
  - IPA (Singapore): /piau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun⁴²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /piau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /piau³³ t͡sun⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /piau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiau-chún
  - Tâi-lô: phiau-tsún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phiauzuon
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰiau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁵³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰiau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: piou¹ zung² / piao¹ zung²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phiou tsúng / phiau tsúng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiou³³⁻²³ t͡suŋ⁵²/, /pʰiau³³⁻²³ t͡suŋ⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ¹piau-tsen
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piɔ⁵⁵ t͡səɲ²¹/

Middle Chinese: /piᴇu t͡ɕiuɪn^X/

Rime
Character	標	準
Reading #	1/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	甫遙切	之尹切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/piᴇu/	/t͡ɕiuɪn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/piɛu/	/t͡ɕʷin^X/
Shao Rongfen	/pjæu/	/t͡ɕjuen^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/piaw/	/cwin^X/
Li Rong	/piɛu/	/t͡ɕiuĕn^X/
Wang Li	/pĭɛu/	/t͡ɕĭuĕn^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯ɛu/	/t͡ɕi̯uĕn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	biāo	zhǔn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	biu¹	zeon²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*pew qʷjinʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	準
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǔn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsywin^X ›
Old Chinese	/*turʔ/
English	water-level
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	標	準
Reading #	1/2	1/2
No.	9742	12189
Phonetic component	票	隼
Rime group	宵	眞
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	飊	準
Old Chinese	/*pew/	/*qʷjinʔ/

Noun

標準

standard; criterion
法定標準／法定标准 ― fǎdìng biāozhǔn ― legal standard

評分標準／评分标准 ― píngfēn biāozhǔn ― scoring criteria

合乎標準／合乎标准 ― héhū biāozhǔn ― to conform to the standard

統一標準／统一标准 ― tǒngyī biāozhǔn ― to unify standards

收費標準／收费标准 ― shōufèi biāozhǔn ― charging standards; rates

收緊貸款標準／收紧贷款标准 ― shōujǐn dàikuǎn biāozhǔn ― to tighten lending criteria

修煉的標準是嚴格。 [MSC, trad.]
修炼的标准是严格。 [MSC, simp.]
Xiūliàn de biāozhǔn shì yángé. [Pinyin]
Strictness is the standard of cultivation practice.
- 真理的標準只能是社會的實踐。 [MSC, trad.]
  真理的标准只能是社会的实践。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1937, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《實踐論》 (On Practice), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
  Zhēnlǐ de biāozhǔn zhǐnéng shì shèhuì de shíjiàn. [Pinyin]
  Only social practice can be the criterion of truth.

Synonyms

edit

Synonyms of 標準

尺寸 (chǐcùn)
尺度 (chǐdù)
格 (gé) (literary, or in compounds)
格式 (géshì)
法度 (fǎdù)
道揆 (dàokuí) (Classical Chinese)
判準／判准 (pànzhǔn)
基準／基准 (jīzhǔn)

尺碼／尺码 (chǐmǎ)
平臺／平台 (píngtái)
水準／水准 (shuǐzhǔn)
準則／准则 (zhǔnzé)
準繩／准绳 (zhǔnshéng)
規格／规格 (guīgé)
規範／规范 (guīfàn)

Adjective

標準

standard (falling within an accepted range of size, amount, power, quality, etc.)
標準的普通話／标准的普通话 ― biāozhǔn de pǔtōnghuà ― standard Mandarin

Synonyms

edit

正式 (zhèngshì)
正經／正经 (zhèngjīng)

正規／正规 (zhèngguī)
規範／规范 (guīfàn)

Derived terms

Derived terms from 標準

國際標準書號／国际标准书号 (guójì biāozhǔn shūhào)
標準件／标准件 (biāozhǔnjiàn)
標準偏差／标准偏差 (biāozhǔn piānchā)
標準像／标准像 (biāozhǔnxiàng)
標準化／标准化 (biāozhǔnhuà)
標準大氣壓／标准大气压 (biāozhǔn dàqìyā)
標準工資／标准工资 (biāozhǔn gōngzī)
標準差／标准差 (biāozhǔnchā)
標準德語／标准德语 (biāozhǔn déyǔ)
標準時／标准时 (biāozhǔnshí)
標準時區／标准时区 (biāozhǔn shíqū)

標準時間／标准时间 (biāozhǔn shíjiān)
標準粉／标准粉 (biāozhǔnfěn)
標準語／标准语 (biāozhǔnyǔ)
標準間／标准间 (biāozhǔnjiān)
標準音／标准音 (biāozhǔnyīn)
標配／标配 (biāopèi)
生活標準／生活标准 (shēnghuó biāozhǔn)
美國信息交換標準代碼／美国信息交换标准代码 (Měiguó Xìnxī Jiāohuàn Biāozhǔn Dàimǎ)
美國資訊交換標準代碼／美国资讯交换标准代码 (Měiguó Zīxùn Jiāohuàn Biāozhǔn Dàimǎ)
雙重標準／双重标准 (shuāngchóng biāozhǔn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (標準):

→ Japanese: 標準(ひょうじゅん) (hyōjun)
→ Korean: 표준(標準) (pyojun)
→ Vietnamese: tiêu chuẩn (標準)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
標	準
ひょう Grade: 4	じゅん Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひょーじゅん [hyòójúń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [ço̞ːʑɨ̃ᵝɴ]

Noun

標(ひょう)準(じゅん) • (hyōjun)

standard, level, the mark, norm

Derived terms

標準化(ひょうじゅんか) (hyōjunka)
標準語(ひょうじゅんご) (hyōjungo)

References

1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
標	準

Noun

標準 • (pyojun) (hangeul 표준)

Hanja form^? of 표준 (“standard”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
標	準

Noun

標準

chữ Hán form of tiêu chuẩn (“standard”).

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[NHK-1] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN