罪人

Chinese

		guilt; crime; fault guilt; crime; fault; blame; sin	man; person; people
trad. (罪人)		罪	人
simp. ^#(罪人)		罪	人

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zuìrén

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄖㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi⁶ jan⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhui-ngìn
Min Bei (KCR): cò-nêng
Min Nan (POJ): chōe-jîn / chōe-lîn / chǒe-lîn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zuìrén → zuìren (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄖㄣˊ → ㄗㄨㄟˋ ˙ㄖㄣ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zuèire̊n
  - Wade–Giles: tsui⁴-jên⁵
  - Yale: dzwèi-ren
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuey.ren
  - Palladius: цзуйжэнь (czujžɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sweɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/ → /t͡sweɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    罪人
    醉人
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zeoi⁶ jan⁴
  - Yale: jeuih yàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey⁶ jan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: zêu⁶ yen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃɵy̯²² jɐn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhui-ngìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: cui nginˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cui⁴ ngin²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵ ɲin¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cò-nêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡so⁴² neiŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōe-jîn
  - Tâi-lô: tsuē-jîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoexjiin
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sue²²⁻²¹ d͡ʑin¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sue³³⁻²¹ ʑin²³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōe-lîn
  - Tâi-lô: tsuē-lîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoexliin
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sue²²⁻²¹ lin²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue³³⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒe-lîn
  - Tâi-lô: tsuě-lîn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sue²² lin²⁴/

Middle Chinese: /d͡zuʌi^X ȵiɪn/

Rime
Character	罪	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	徂賄切	如鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zuʌi^X/	/ȵiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zuoi^X/	/ȵin/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zuɒi^X/	/ȵʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zwəj^X/	/ȵin/
Li Rong	/d͡zuᴀi^X/	/ȵiĕn/
Wang Li	/d͡zuɒi^X/	/ȵʑĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱuɑ̆i^X/	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zuì	rén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zeoi⁶	jan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤujʔ ni[ŋ]/

(Zhengzhang): /*zuːlʔ njin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	罪	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zuì	rén
Middle Chinese	‹ dzwoj^X ›	‹ nyin ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁujʔ/	/*ni[ŋ]/
English	crime, offense	(other) person
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	罪	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	17981	10800
Phonetic component	罪	人
Rime group	微	眞
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	辠	仁
Old Chinese	/*zuːlʔ/	/*njin/
Notes	同辠

Noun

罪人

guilty person; sinner; wrongdoer
- 上天孚佑下民，罪人黜伏。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE
  Shàngtiān fúyòu xiàmín, zuìrén chùfú. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Derived terms

千古罪人 (qiāngǔzuìrén)
罪人不孥

罪人不帑

Verb

罪人

(Classical Chinese) to take the blame on others
罪人不孥 ― zuìrén bù nú ― Take no blame on the offspring (a principle of Mencius)
- 禹、湯罪己，其興也悖焉；桀、紂罪人，其亡也忽焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  禹、汤罪己，其兴也悖焉；桀、纣罪人，其亡也忽焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Yǔ, Tāng zuìjǐ, qí xìng yě bó yān; Jié, Zhòu zuìrén, qí wáng yě hū yān. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
罪	人
ざい Grade: 5	にん Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ざいにん [zàíníń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
(Tokyo) ざいにん [zàíníꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
IPA^(key): [d͡za̠iɲ̟ĩɴ]

Noun

罪(ざい)人(にん) • (zainin)

criminal, offender, culprit
sinner, transgressor

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
罪	人
つみ Grade: 5	ひと > びと Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) つみびと [tsùmíbító] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝmʲibʲito̞]

Noun

罪(つみ)人(びと) • (tsumibito)

sinner

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
罪	人

Noun

罪人 • (joein) (hangeul 죄인)

Hanja form^? of 죄인 (“criminal, convict, prisoner, culprit; sinner”).

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN