脊

脊	U+810A, 脊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-810A

← 脉
[U+8109]

CJK Unified Ideographs

脋 →
[U+810B]

Translingual

Han character

脊 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火金月 (FCB), four-corner 1122₇)

Derived characters

塉嵴膌蹐𦢡𦢢䰪鶺(鹡) 瘠

References

KangXi: page 982, character 8

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29472

Dae Jaweon: page 1434, character 13

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2070, character 10

Unihan data for U+810A

Chinese

trad.		脊
simp. ^#		脊

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 脊
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (脊) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
脊	*ʔseɡ
蹐	*ʔseɡ
鶺	*ʔseɡ
塉	*zeɡ
瘠	*zeɡ
膌	*zeɡ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jǐ, jí (ji³, ji²)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˇ, ㄐㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zek³, zik³
Jin (Wiktionary): jieh⁴
Min Dong (BUC): cék
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chiak / chek / chit / chiah

(Teochew, Peng'im): zig⁴ / ziah⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): ⁴jiq
Xiang (Wiktionary): zi⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese and Beijing dialect)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
  - Wade–Giles: chi³
  - Yale: jǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
- (Beijing dialect)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jí
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jí
  - Wade–Giles: chi²
  - Yale: jí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zek³, zik³
  - Yale: jek, jik
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzek⁸, dzik⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: zég³, jig³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛːk̚³/, /t͡sɪk̚³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jieh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛiʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
  - Tâi-lô: tsiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
  - Tâi-lô: tsik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
  - Tâi-lô: tsit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cid
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕit̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕit̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiah
  - Tâi-lô: tsiah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciaq
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiaʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiaʔ⁵/

Note:

chiak/chek - literary;
chit/chiah - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zig⁴ / ziah⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsik / tsiah
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sik̚²/, /t͡siaʔ²/

Note:

zig4 - literary;
ziah4 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ⁴jiq
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /t͡si²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡ɕi²⁴/

Middle Chinese: /t͡siᴇk̚/

Rime
Character	脊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	清 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	資昔切
Baxter	tsjiek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡siæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siajk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ek/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔseɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	脊
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjek ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ek/
English	spine, backbone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	脊
Reading #	1/1
No.	5782
Phonetic component	脊
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	積
Old Chinese	/*ʔseɡ/

Definitions

脊

(anatomy) spine; backbone
(of terrain, rooms, etc.) ridgeline; ridge; spine; ridge beam
(of books, knives, etc.) spine
a surname

Compounds

世界屋脊 (shìjiè wūjǐ)
中洋脊
地脊
屋脊 (wūjǐ)
山脊 (shānjǐ)
房脊 (fángjǐ)
打脊
打脊匹夫
背脊 (bèijǐ)
胸脊
脊令在原
脊杖
脊柱 (jǐzhù)
脊椎 (jǐzhuī)

脊椎骨 (jǐzhuīgǔ)
脊百合
脊索 (jǐsuǒ)
脊背 (jǐbèi)
脊髓 (jǐsuǐ)
花屋脊 (Huāwūjǐ)
光脊梁
戳脊梁骨
磨脊梁
脊梁
脊梁骨
單斜脊／单斜脊
打脊魍魎／打脊魍魉

書脊／书脊 (shūjǐ)
沒脊梁／没脊梁
沒脊骨／没脊骨
脊椎動物／脊椎动物 (jǐzhuī dòngwù)
脊檁／脊檩 (jǐlǐn)
脊神經／脊神经 (jǐshénjīng)
脊索動物／脊索动物 (jǐsuǒ dòngwù)
脊醫／脊医 (jǐyī)
裡脊肉／里脊肉 (lǐjiròu)
豎起脊梁／竖起脊梁
躥房越脊／蹿房越脊
露脊鯨／露脊鲸
飛簷走脊／飞檐走脊

References

“脊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

脊

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

height, stature

Readings

Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
Kun: せ (se, 脊); せい (sei, 脊)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
脊
せい Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 脊 – see the following entry.

【背せい】6

[noun] height

(This term, 脊, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 脊 (MC t͡siᴇk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 쳑〮 (chyék) (Yale: chyek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 脊 (eumhun 등마루 척 (deungmaru cheok))

Hanja form^? of 척 (“spine; backbone”).

Compounds

척수 (脊髓, cheoksu)
척추 (脊椎, cheokchu)
척골 (脊骨, cheokgol)
척량 (脊梁, cheongnyang)
척삭동물 (脊索動物, cheoksakdongmul)
척추동물 (脊椎動物, cheokchudongmul)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

脊: Hán Nôm readings: tích

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