艱難

See also: 艰难

Chinese

difficult; hard; hardship
 
disaster; distress; to scold
disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good
trad. (艱難)
simp. (艰难)

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Initial () (28) (8)
Final () (73) (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () II I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠɛn/ /nɑn/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚæn/ /nɑn/
Shao
Rongfen
/kæn/ /nɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kəɨn/ /nan/
Li
Rong
/kɛn/ /nɑn/
Wang
Li
/kæn/ /nɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kăn/ /nɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiān nán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gaan1 naan4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiān nán
Middle
Chinese
‹ kɛn › ‹ nan ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˁrə[r]/ /*nˁar/
English difficulty difficult

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2
No. 3912 4897
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*krɯːn/ /*n̥ʰaːn/
Notes 駿

Adjective

艱難

  1. hard; difficult; challenging
    時局艱難时局艰难   shíjú jiānnán   difficult political situation

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (艱難):
  • Japanese: 艱難(かんなん) (kannan)
  • Korean: 간난(艱難) (gannan)
  • Vietnamese: gian nan (艱難)

See also

Japanese

Kanji in this term
かん
Hyōgaiji
なん
Grade: 6
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

Noun

(かん)(なん) (kannan) 

  1. hardships, difficulties

Verb

(かん)(なん)する (kannan suru) suru (stem (かん)(なん) (kannan shi), past (かん)(なん)した (kannan shita))

  1. to experience hardships, difficulties

Conjugation

Derived terms

  • 艱難辛苦(かんなんしんく) (kannanshinku)
  • 艱難苦労(かんなんくろう) (kannankurō)
  • 艱難汝(かんなんなんじ)(たま)にす (kannannanji o tamanisu)

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term

Noun

艱難 (gannan) (hangeul 간난)

  1. Hanja form? of 간난 (hardships, privations, tribulations).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term

Adjective

艱難

  1. chữ Hán form of gian nan (miserably hard; difficult; tough).
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