草菅

Chinese

		grass; straw; draft (of a document) grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty	(grass); Themeda forsbali
trad. (草菅)		草	菅
simp. ^#(草菅)		草	菅

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cǎojiān

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cou² gaan¹
Min Nan (POJ): chháu-kan

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cǎojiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǎojian
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻao³-chien¹
  - Yale: tsǎu-jyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaojian
  - Palladius: цаоцзянь (caoczjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ t͡ɕjɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cou² gaan¹
  - Yale: chóu gāan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsou² gaan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cou² gan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ kaːn⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-kan
  - Tâi-lô: tsháu-kan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhaw'kafn
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kan⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰɑuX kˠan/

Rime
Character	草	菅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	采老切	古顔切
Baxter	tshawX	kaen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/kˠan/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/kᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/kɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰaw^X/	/kaɨn/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/kan/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/kan/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/kan/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cǎo	jiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cou²	gaan¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰuːʔ kroːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	草
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ tshaw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ˁuʔ/
English	grass, plants
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	草	菅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	16547	4457
Phonetic component	早	官
Rime group	幽	元
Rime subdivision	1	3
Corresponding MC rime	草	姦
Old Chinese	/*sʰuːʔ/	/*kroːn/
Notes	說文作艸

Noun

草菅

(literary, figurative) something small and insignificant; trifle
(literary, figuratively) the common people; the masses; ordinary citizens

Synonyms

(trifle): 草芥 (cǎojiè)
(the common people):

Synonyms of 草菅

一般人 (yībānrén)
世人 (shìrén)
人士 (rénshì) (literary)
人民 (rénmín)
人群 (rénqún)
人萌 (rénméng) (literary)
俗人 (súrén)
俗子 (súzǐ) (literary)
兆民 (zhàomín) (archaic)
凡人 (fánrén)
凡夫 (fánfū) (literary)
匹夫 (pǐfū) (literary)
士人 (shìrén) (archaic)
子民 (zǐmín) (historical)
家人 (jiārén) (archaic)
布衣 (bùyī) (historical)
常人 (chángrén)
平人 (píngrén) (literary)
平常人 (píngchángrén)
平民 (píngmín)
庶人 (shùrén) (literary)
庶民 (shùmín) (literary)
斯人 (sīrén) (Classical Chinese)
普通人 (pǔtōngrén)
民人 (mínrén) (literary)

烝民 (zhēngmín) (literary)
白衣 (báiyī) (historical)
白衣人 (báiyīrén) (historical)
白身 (báishēn) (archaic)
白身人 (báishēnrén) (archaic)
百姓 (bǎixìng)
老百姓 (lǎobǎixìng)
良人 (liángrén) (literary)
草民 (cǎomín) (the worthless ordinary people)
草野 (cǎoyě) (literary, figurative)
萌 (méng) (literary)
野人 (yěrén) (archaic)
黎庶 (líshù) (literary)
黎民 (límín) (literary)
黎首 (líshǒu) (archaic)
黔首 (qiánshǒu) (archaic)
𫣆人 (Hakka)
世間人／世间人 (Min Nan)
公眾／公众 (gōngzhòng)
四眾人／四众人 (Teochew)
大眾／大众 (dàzhòng)
民眾／民众 (mínzhòng)
眾人／众人 (zhòngrén) (literary)
群眾／群众 (qúnzhòng)
萬姓／万姓 (wànxìng) (archaic)

Derived terms

草菅人命 (cǎojiānrénmìng)

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