閏

See also: 闰 and 閠

閏	U+958F, 閏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-958F

← 閎
[U+958E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

閐 →
[U+9590]

Translingual

Han character

閏 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓一土 (ANMG), four-corner 7710₄, composition ⿵門王)

Derived characters

𠾽, 㠈, 𢡞, 撋, 潤(润), 𣋆, 膶(𬂀), 橍, 𪼙, 瞤(𥆧), 𮝧, 𨬔, 𨶽, 𨷎, 𦻺

Related characters

闰 (Simplified Chinese)

References

KangXi: page 1331, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41244
Dae Jaweon: page 1837, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4285, character 9
Unihan data for U+958F

Chinese

trad.		閏
simp.		闰
alternative forms		閠䦞𥹿

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (閏) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
撋	*njon
瞤	*njun
潤	*njuns
閏	*njuns

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 門 (“gate”) + 王 (“king”)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rùn (run⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jeon⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yùn
Min Dong (BUC): nông
Min Nan (POJ): jūn / lūn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rùn
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rùn
  - Wade–Giles: jun⁴
  - Yale: rwùn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruenn
  - Palladius: жунь (žunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐwən⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jeon⁶
  - Yale: yeuhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: joen⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yên⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɵn²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùn
  - Hakka Romanization System: iunˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yun²
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯un¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùn
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iunˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yun²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯un¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡouŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jūn
  - Tâi-lô: jūn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jun
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zun³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lūn
  - Tâi-lô: lūn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lun
  - IPA (Taipei): /lun³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lun⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lun²²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 閏
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʐuən⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʐən⁵³/
	Tianjin	/yn⁵³/ /ʐuən⁵³/
	Jinan	/yẽ²¹/
	Qingdao	/yə̃⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/yn³¹²/
	Xi'an	/vẽ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/uə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʐuŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/və̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʐuŋ²¹³/ /vɤŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/yn³⁵/
	Chengdu	/zuən¹³/
	Guiyang	/zuen²¹³/
	Kunming	/ʐuə̃²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ʐun⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ʐən⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/zuəŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/zuŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/ʐũŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiŋ²³/ /zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦyən³¹/
	Hangzhou	/zz̩ʷen¹³/
	Wenzhou	/joŋ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/yʌ̃²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/yan¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/yn¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/yn²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/lɨn²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/iun⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʒuŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jøn²²/
	Nanning	/yn²²/ /jɐn²²/
	Hong Kong	/jøn²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lun²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/nouŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/nœyŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/zuŋ³¹/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/zun²³/

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*nu[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*njuns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	閏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rùn
Middle Chinese	‹ nywin^H ›
Old Chinese	/*nu[n]-s/
English	intercalary month
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	閏
Reading #	1/1
No.	10927
Phonetic component	閏
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	閠
Old Chinese	/*njuns/

Definitions

閏

intercalary; leap
閏年／闰年 ― rùnnián ― leap year
(literary) surplus; remainder
(literary) deputy; illegitimate; usurped

Compounds

偏閏／偏闰
再閏／再闰
厄閏／厄闰
正閏／正闰
沒閏／没闰
秋閏／秋闰
積閏／积闰
置閏／置闰
閏位／闰位
閏分／闰分
閏宮／闰宫
閏察／闰察
閏年／闰年 (rùnnián)
閏徵／闰征
閏日／闰日 (rùnrì)
閏月／闰月 (rùnyuè)
閏朝／闰朝
閏法／闰法
閏益／闰益
閏盤／闰盘 (rùnpán)
閏秒／闰秒 (rùnmiǎo)
閏秋／闰秋
閏統／闰统
閏繼／闰继
閏變／闰变
閏運／闰运
閏陞／闰升
閏集／闰集
閏雙／闰双
閏音／闰音
閏餘／闰余
霸閏之朝／霸闰之朝
餘分閏位／余分闰位
餘分閏氣／余分闰气
餘閏／余闰
黃楊厄閏／黄杨厄闰
鼃音閏位／鼃音闰位

Japanese

Kanji

閏

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Go-on: にん (nin)
Kan-on: じゅん (jun)
Kun: うるう (urū, 閏)

Compounds

閏年 (うるうどし, urū-doshi)
輝閏
清水閏
正閏
平閏
沃閏
閏井
閏一
閏賀
閏賀橋
閏間
閏系
閏刑
閏月
閏戸
閏子
閏住
閏田
閏統
閏二
閏日
閏秒
閏夫
閏米
置閏法
閏木
閏野
閏余

Noun

閏(うるう) • (urū)

intercalary, leap
閏(うるう)日(び)
urūbi
intercalary day

閏(うるう)年(どし)
urūdoshi
leap year

閏(うるう)八月(はちがつ)
urūhachigatsu
intercalary eighth month in the lunisolar calendar

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 閏 (MC *nywin^H).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 閠/ᅀᅲᆫ〯 (zyǔn) (Yale: zyǔn) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. Recorded as Early Modern Korean 윤 (Yale: yun) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ju(ː)n]
Phonetic hangul: [윤(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 閏 (eumhun 윤 달 윤 (yundal yun))

Hanja form^? of 윤 (“intercalary”).

Compounds

윤달 (閏 달, yundal, “leap month”)
윤월 (閏月, yunwol, “leap month”)
윤초 (閏秒, yuncho, “leap second”)
윤일 (閏日, yunil, “leap day”)
윤년 (閏年, yunnyeon, “leap year”)
윤삭 (閏朔, yunsak)
정윤 (正閏, jeong'yun)
치윤법 (置閏法, chiyunbeop)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

閏: Hán Nôm readings: nhuận, nhộn, nhuần, nhún

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