陸

See also: 陆 and 六
陸 U+9678, 陸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9678
← 陷
[U+9677] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 陹 →
[U+9679]
陸 U+F9D3, 陸
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D3
← 戮
[U+F9D2] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 倫 →
[U+F9D4]

Translingual

Han character

陸 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中土金土 (NLGCG), four-corner 74214, composition ⿰阝坴)

Derived characters
  • 𦸐, 𥨁, 𥲎

References

Chinese
trad. 陸
simp. 陆
alternative forms
 
𤱒
𡽷
𨽐
𨽰
𨽫
𤱒
𡽷
𨽐
𨽰
𨽫
𨽱
𠃈

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 陸
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Shizhoupian script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (坴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
睦 *mluɡ
坴 *m·ruɡ
陸 *m·ruɡ
稑 *ruɡ
鵱 *ruɡ
鯥 *ruɡ
淕 *ruɡ
踛 *ruɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *m·ruɡ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 坴 (OC *m·ruɡ).

Etymology 1

Perhaps related to Proto-Wa (*[ʔ]rok, "dry land") (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note: lio̍k - including surname.
Note:
  • lêg8 - vernacular;
  • log8 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 陸
Mandarin Beijing /lu⁵¹/
Harbin /lu⁵³/
Tianjin /lu⁵³/
Jinan /lu²¹/
Qingdao /lu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /lu²⁴/
Xi'an /lu²¹/
Xining /lv̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /lu¹³/
Lanzhou /lu¹³/
Ürümqi /lu²¹³/
Wuhan /nəu²¹³/
Chengdu /nu³¹/
Guiyang /nu²¹/
Kunming /lu³¹/
Nanjing /luʔ⁵/
Hefei /luəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /luəʔ²/
Pingyao /luʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /luəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /loʔ¹/
Suzhou /loʔ³/
Hangzhou /loʔ²/
Wenzhou /lɤu²¹³/
Hui Shexian /lo²²/
Tunxi /ləu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ləu²⁴/
Xiangtan /nəɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /luʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /liuk̚⁵/
Taoyuan /liuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lok̚²/
Nanning /luk̚²²/
Hong Kong /luk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /liɔk̚⁵/
/lak̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /løyʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ly⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /lek̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /lok̚⁵/ ～地
/lok̚³/ ～續
Rime
Character 陸
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 東 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力竹切
Baxter ljuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /liuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /liuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /luwk̚/
Li
Rong		 /liuk̚/
Wang
Li		 /lĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /li̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 lù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 luk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 陸
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 lù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ljuwk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[r]uk/
English land (as opposed to water)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 陸
Reading # 1/1
No. 8533
Phonetic
component		 坴
Rime
group		 覺
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 六
Old
Chinese		 /*m·ruɡ/

Definitions

陸

  1. land; continent; mainland
    登陸／登陆  ―  dēnglù  ―  to land; to go ashore
    陸路／陆路  ―  lùlù  ―  land route
  2. Short for 中國大陸／中国大陆 (Zhōngguó dàlù, “mainland China”).
    陸生／陆生  ―  lùshēng  ―  student from mainland China studying in Taiwan
  3. Short for 陸軍／陆军 (lùjūn, “army”).
  4. a surname
    陸游／陆游  ―  Lù Yóu  ―  Lu You (Southern Song dynasty poet)

Compounds
Derived terms from 陸

Pronunciation

Note:
  • la̍k - vernacular;
  • lio̍k - literary.

Definitions

陸

  1. (financial) Alternative form of 六 (liù, “six”).

See also
Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写)		 〇, 零 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)		 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写)		 零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Japanese

Kanji
陸

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. land
  2. six (financial form)

Readings

Synonyms

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
陸
Grade: 4
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
碌

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “ateji?”)

Adjective

陸(ろく) • (roku) -na (adnominal 陸(ろく)な (roku na), adverbial 陸(ろく)に (roku ni))

  1. satisfactory
Inflection
Inflection of 陸
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 陸だろ ろくだろ roku daro
Continuative (連用形) 陸で ろくで roku de
Terminal (終止形) 陸だ ろくだ roku da
Attributive (連体形) 陸な ろくな roku na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 陸なら ろくなら roku nara
Imperative (命令形) 陸であれ ろくであれ roku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 陸ではない
陸じゃない		 ろくではない
ろくじゃない		 roku de wa nai
roku ja nai
Informal past 陸だった ろくだった roku datta
Informal negative past 陸ではなかった
陸じゃなかった		 ろくではなかった
ろくじゃなかった		 roku de wa nakatta
roku ja nakatta
Formal 陸です ろくです roku desu
Formal negative 陸ではありません
陸じゃありません		 ろくではありません
ろくじゃありません		 roku de wa arimasen
roku ja arimasen
Formal past 陸でした ろくでした roku deshita
Formal negative past 陸ではありませんでした
陸じゃありませんでした		 ろくではありませんでした
ろくじゃありませんでした		 roku de wa arimasen deshita
roku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 陸で ろくで roku de
Conditional 陸なら（ば） ろくなら（ば） roku nara (ba)
Provisional 陸だったら ろくだったら roku dattara
Volitional 陸だろう ろくだろう roku darō
Adverbial 陸に ろくに roku ni
Degree 陸さ ろくさ rokusa

Noun

陸(ろく) • (roku) 

  1. being satisfactory

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
陸
ろく
Grade: 4
on’yomi

Noun

陸(ろく) • (roku) 

  1. (law) the number six, 6 (used in legal documents only, otherwise 六)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
陸
りく
Grade: 4
on’yomi

Noun

陸(りく) • (riku) 

  1. land; shore
    Synonyms: 陸地 (rikuchi), おか (oka), くにが (kuniga), くぬが (kunuga), くが (kuga)

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
陸
おか
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 陸 – see the following entry.
【おか】
[noun] land; ground
(This term, 陸, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 5
Kanji in this term
陸
くにが
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 陸 – see くにが.
(This term, 陸, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(The following entry is uncreated: くにが.)

Etymology 6
Kanji in this term
陸
くぬが
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 陸 – see くぬが.
(This term, 陸, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(The following entry is uncreated: くぬが.)

Etymology 7
Kanji in this term
陸
くが
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 陸 – see くが.
(This term, 陸, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(The following entry is uncreated: くが.)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 陸 (MC lɨuk̚).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448륙〮 (Yale: lyúk)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527두듥〮 (Yale: twùtúlk)륙〮 (Yale: lyúk)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 陸 (eumhun 뭍 륙 (mut ryuk), South Korea 뭍 육 (mut yuk))

  1. Hanja form? of 륙/육 (“(dry) land”). [affix]

Compounds
Compounds

Hanja

陸 (eumhun 여섯 륙 (yeoseot ryuk), South Korea 여섯 육 (yeoseot yuk))

  1. (financial) Alternative form of 六 (“Hanja form? of 륙/육 (“six”).”)

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

陸: Hán Nôm readings: lục

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