-ül

• IPA^(key): [yl]

-ül

1. Form of -il after the vowels Ö / Ü and a consonant other than L.

   ‎döymək (“to beat”) + ‎-ül → ‎döyülmək (“to get beaten”)

   ‎tökmək (“to pour”) + ‎-ül → ‎tökülmək (“to fall out, get spilled”)

See -il.

• IPA^(key): [yl]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

-ül

1. (verb-forming suffix) Appended to an adjective to form a middle-voice verb. It is similar to -edik.

   zöld (“green”) → zöldül (“to become (more) green”)

   szép (“beautiful”) → szépül (“to become (more) beautiful”)

• (verb-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -ul is added to back-vowel words. The final vowel is dropped.

  -ül is added to front-vowel words. The final vowel is dropped.

  gyenge (“weak”) → gyengül (“to weaken”)

-ül

1. (case suffix) as, with the intention of (the essive sense of the essive-modal case)

   Synonyms: -ként, -képp/-képpen, (stating the capacity) mint

   meglepetés (“surprise”) → meglepetésül (“as a surprise”)

   vég (“end”) → végül (“finally, eventually”) (literally, “as an/the end”)

2. (adverb-forming suffix) Appended to an adjective to form an adverb (the modal sense of the essive-modal case).

   feltétlen (“unconditional, definite”) → feltétlenül (“unconditionally, definitely”)

   török (“Turkish”) → törökül (“in Turkish”)

• (adverb-forming suffix and case suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -ul is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.

  -ül is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.

• Category:Hungarian verbs taking -ul/-ül
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

• IPA^(key): [yl]

-ül

1. Form of -il after the vowels Ö / Ü and a consonant other than L.

   ‎dövmek (“to beat”) + ‎-ül → ‎dövülmek (“to get beaten”)

   ‎dökmek (“to pour”) + ‎-ül → ‎dökülmek (“to fall out, get spilled”)

See -il.

• IPA^(key): [yl]

-ül

1. offspring, young (of an animal), young organism (animal or plant) (e.g. torül = young bull, bullock; kunül = young cow, heifer; pijunül = young dove or pigeon, squab)
2. Hypocoristic or used to denote affection for the noun.

• In many languages, the diminutive form of a word can also be used to denote not (just) littleness but (also) affection or intimacy (for the word's referent), whereas in Volapük this secondary meaning of the diminutive is split off, since Volapük attempts, somewhat like Lojban, to avoid polysemy.

• -il