-on
English
Etymology
Suffix
-on
- (physics, mathematics and biology) Forming nouns denoting subatomic particles (proton), quanta (photon), molecular units (codon), or substances (interferon).
- (biology, genetics) Forming names of things considered as basic or fundamental units, such as codon or recon.
- (chemistry) Forming names of noble gases and certain nonmetal elements (such as boron or silicon).
Derived terms
Translations
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Cebuano
Alternative forms
- -hon (after vowels without glottal stops).
Etymology
From Proto-Philippine *ən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ən, from Proto-Austronesian *ən (see Ilocano -en and Tagalog -in).
Suffix
-on
- forms nouns indicating objects, persons or action expressed by the root
- forms demonyms
- forms object trigger conjugation of verbs
Derived terms
Danish
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔn/
Audio (file)
Synonyms
Derived terms
Related terms
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔ̃/
Etymology 1
From Old French -on, a blending of Latin -ōnem (accusative singular of -ō, masculine appellative suffix), Frankish *-on (accusative of *-ō, ending of masculine weak declension nouns), Frankish *-in (diminutive suffix), and *-ing (diminutive suffix for animals, via -enc, -enz). Some also descend from the Celtic singulative *-onos, such as mouton.
Suffix
-on
- Forming diminutives of things, including some animals.
- Forming augmentatives of things.
- Indicating origin or occupation.
Descendants
- → English: -oon
Etymology 2
From Ancient Greek -ον (-on), neuter of -ος (-os), masculine adjective ending.
Gothic
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [on]
Etymology 1
Pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (cf. postpositions) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ed | suffix | who? | what? | this | that | he/she (it)* | ||
case | v. pr. | c. | ||||||
nom. | – | ki | mi | ez | az | ő* / -∅ az / -∅ | – | – |
acc. | -t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt | kit | mit | ezt | azt | őt* / -∅ azt / -∅ | – | c1 c2 |
dat. | -nak / -nek | kinek | minek | ennek | annak | neki | neki- | c |
ins. | -val / -vel | kivel | mivel | ezzel/ evvel | azzal/ avval | vele | c | |
c-f. | -ért | kiért | miért | ezért | azért | érte | – | c |
tra. | -vá / -vé | kivé | mivé | ezzé | azzá | – | – | c |
ter. | -ig | – | meddig | eddig | addig | – | – | c |
e-f. | -ként | (kiként) | (miként) | ekként | akként | – | – | c |
e-m. | -ul / -ül | – | – | – | – | – | – | c |
ine. | -ban / -ben | kiben | miben | ebben | abban | benne | – | c |
sup. | -n/-on/-en/-ön | kin | min | ezen | azon | rajta | (rajta-) | c |
ade. | -nál / -nél | kinél | minél | ennél | annál | nála | – | c |
ill. | -ba / -be | kibe | mibe | ebbe | abba | bele | bele- | c |
sub. | -ra / -re | kire | mire | erre | arra | rá | rá- | c |
all. | -hoz/-hez/-höz | kihez | mihez | ehhez | ahhoz | hozzá | hozzá- | c |
el. | -ból / -ből | kiből | miből | ebből | abból | belőle | – | c |
del. | -ról / -ről | kiről | miről | erről | arról | róla | – | c |
abl. | -tól / -től | kitől | mitől | ettől | attól | tőle | – | c |
*: Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise. – Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All » |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
-on
- (case suffix) on. Used to form the superessive case.
- asztal (“table”) → az asztalon (“on the table”)
Usage notes
- (case suffix) Harmonic variants:
Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
Front vowel | |
---|---|---|---|
unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
nominative | — | ||
accusative | -t | ||
-ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
dative | -nak | -nek | |
instrumental | -val | -vel | |
causal-final | -ért | ||
translative | -vá | -vé | |
terminative | -ig | ||
essive-formal | -ként | ||
essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
inessive | -ban | -ben | |
superessive | -n | ||
-on | -en | -ön | |
adessive | -nál | -nél | |
illative | -ba | -be | |
sublative | -ra | -re | |
allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
elative | -ból | -ből | |
delative | -ról | -ről | |
ablative | -tól | -től | |
Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként |
See also
- rajta
- Category:Hungarian terms taking -n/-on/-en/-ön
- Category:Hungarian noun forms
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
-on
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a stem ― often an onomatopoeia ― to form a verb, normally expressing an instantaneous action.
- oson (“to sneak”) (the instantaneous element is not present here)
Usage notes
Derived terms
Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
-on
Usage notes
- Harmonic variants:
- -n is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -an is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -on is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -en is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant, as well as some front-vowel words ending in a vowel (see above).
Derived terms
Etymology 4
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
-on
- (personal suffix, chiefly dialectal or archaic) Indefinite third-person singular suffix (currently only in the imperative mood as part of -jon, formerly also occurring in the indicative).
Usage notes
See also
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
Further reading
- Szinnyei József: Alaktani adalékok (in Nyelvtudományi Közlemények, 1903, see page 249 in the PDF, page 243 in the original)
- Ifj. Domokos Pál Péter: Még egyszer a felelin-féle igealakokról (page 4 in the PDF, page 32 in the original)
Mohawk
References
- Nora Deering; Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, page 371-372
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
A new formation from words such as ion (“ion”), from Ancient Greek -ου (-ou), neuter of -ος (-os), from Proto-Indo-European *-os (creates nouns from verb stems).
Pronunciation 1
- IPA(key): /uːn/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -uːn
- Hyphenation: -on
Suffix
-on (definite singular neuter -onet, indefinite plural -on or -oner, definite plural -onene or -ona)
- (physics, mathematics and biology) Used to form nouns denoting subatomic particles, quanta, molecular units, or substances; -on
- proton, elektron, nøytron, boson, gluon ― proton, electron, neutron, boson, gluon
- (chemistry, biology, genetics) Used to form nouns denoting certain organic compounds; -one, -on
- aceton, testosteron, kodon ― acetone, testosterone, codone
Suffix
-on (definite singular neuter -onet or definite singular masculine -onen, indefinite plural -on or -oner, definite plural -onene or -ona)
- (chemistry) Used to form nouns denoting chemical substances and industrial products; -on
- radon, orlon, rayon ― radon, orlon, rayon
References
- “-on” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔn/
- Rhymes: -ɔn
- Syllabification: on
Declension
Inanimate delcension:
Animate delcension:
Derived terms
Spanish
Swedish
Etymology
Most likely originally from nypon (“rosehip”) and smultron (“wild strawberry”) and then extended to other borrowed words with an original -a. Probably originally a plural suffix cognate to Gothic -𐍉𐌽𐌰 (-ōna) in e.g. 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌽𐌰 (augōna, “eyes”), compare Swedish ögon.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˌɔn/
Derived terms
References
- -on in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔn/
Alternative forms
Suffix
-on
Alternative forms
Suffix
-on
- (colloquial) verb suffix for the first-person plural preterite
- (colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person plural preterite