< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/priHós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *preyH- +‎ *-ós.

Adjective

*priHós[1][2][3][4]

  1. dear, beloved
  2. happy, free

Inflection
Thematic
masculine feminine
nominative *priHós *priHéh₂
genitive *priHósyo *priHéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *priHós *priHóh₁ *priHóes
vocative *priHé *priHóh₁ *priHóes
accusative *priHóm *priHóh₁ *priHóms
genitive *priHósyo *? *priHóHom
ablative *priHéad *? *priHómos
dative *priHóey *? *priHómos
locative *priHéy, *priHóy *? *priHóysu
instrumental *priHóh₁ *? *priHṓys
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *priHéh₂ *priHéh₂h₁(e) *priHéh₂es
vocative *priHéh₂ *priHéh₂h₁(e) *priHéh₂es
accusative *priHā́m *priHéh₂h₁(e) *priHéh₂m̥s
genitive *priHéh₂s *? *priHéh₂oHom
ablative *priHéh₂s *? *priHéh₂mos
dative *priHéh₂ey *? *priHéh₂mos
locative *priHéh₂, *priHéh₂i *? *priHéh₂su
instrumental *priHéh₂h₁ *? *priHéh₂mis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *priHóm *priHóy(h₁) *priHéh₂
vocative *priHóm *priHóy(h₁) *priHéh₂
accusative *priHóm *priHóy(h₁) *priHéh₂
genitive *priHósyo *? *priHóHom
ablative *priHéad *? *priHómos
dative *priHóey *? *priHómos
locative *priHéy, *priHóy *? *priHóysu
instrumental *priHóh₁ *? *priHṓys

Derived terms
  • *priH-eh₂yéti ~ *priH-eh₂-ti[2][1] (verbal derivative[5])
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *prīˀjā́ˀtei
      • Proto-Slavic: *prijati (“to please”) (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ *prijateľь (“friend”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *frijōną (“to love, to free”) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ *frijōndz (“companion, friend”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *priHaHyáti
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *priHaHyáti
        • Sanskrit: प्रियायते (priyāyáte, “to treat kindly, to befriend”)
  • *priH-(y-)éh₂ f (“beloved (woman), wife”)[6]
    • Proto-Germanic: *frijō (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *Frijjō (“Frigg”, name of a goddess) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *priH(y)ā́
  • *priH-ṓn m (“beloved (man), husband”)
    • Proto-Germanic: *frijô (see there for further descendants)

Descendants
  • Proto-Celtic: *ɸriyos (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *frijaz (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *priHás (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *prijos
    • ⇒? Latin: pro-prius (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 222: “*prihₓós”
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*fri(j)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 155: “*priH-o-”
  3. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “proprius”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 493: “*priH-o-”
  4. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  5. Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 343
  6. Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 208: “*prihₓehₐ-”
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