< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/axšáyHnah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from *axšám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *akšám (“kind to blue gemstone, blue vitriol”) (whence Sanskrit अक्ष (akṣá, “blue vitriol”), अक्षज (akṣaja, “diamond”)) +‎ *-ayHnah (material adjectival suffix).[1][2][3]

Adjective

*axšáyHnah[4][5][6]

  1. green, blue

See also
Colors in Proto-Iranian · (layout · text)
     *ćwaytáh, *Harušáh           *ćyaHwáh, *ćyaHmáh
             *ćuxráh, *Hráwditah              *Harunáh, *kádruš              *ȷ́ártah
                          *axšáyHnah             
                                       *axšáyHnah, *kapáwtah
                                      

Derived terms
  • Proto-Iranian: *axšaynahwaynah (“blue-green, turquoise”) (+ *hwaynah)
    • Old Median: *axšaynafaynah (“blue-green, turquoise”)[7][8]
      • → Imperial Aramaic: [script needed] (ʾẖšynpyn), [script needed] (ʾẖšynpn)
    • Proto-Scythian: *āxšīnhwīni (“turquoise”)[9][10]
      • → Imperial Aramaic: [script needed] ([ʾẖš]nẖwyn)
  • Proto-Iranian: *AxšaynaH (personal name)

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬀𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀‎ (axšaēna)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian: *āxšī́ni
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (āṣṣeina, “blue”)
      • Ossetian: (“dark blue”)
        Digor: æxсин (æxsin)
    • Sogdian: (/axsēn, əxsen/, “green”)
      Sogdian: 𐼰𐼲𐼼𐼰𐼷𐼻𐼳‎ (ʾɣsʾynh), 𐼰𐼲𐼼𐼷𐼻‎ (ʾɣsyn)
      Old Sogdian: 𐼀𐼄𐼑𐼀𐼊𐼎𐼆‎ (ʾɣsʾynh), 𐼀𐼄𐼑𐼊𐼏‎ (ʾɣsyn), 𐼀𐼄𐼑𐼀𐼊𐼏‎ (ʾɣsʾyn)
      • ⇒ Sogdian: (/axsēnē/, “green, greenish”) (+ -𐼰𐼷‎ (-ʾy /ē/))
        Old Sogdian: 𐼀𐼄𐼑𐼀𐼊𐼎𐼀𐼋‎ (ʾɣsʾynʾk), 𐼀𐼄𐼑𐼀𐼊𐼎𐼀𐼊‎ (ʾɣsʾynʾy)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Ormuri: (“green”)
      Kaniguram: شين‎ (šin)
      Logar: [script needed] (x̌in)
    • Pashto: شين‎ (šin, “(dark) blue, green”)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *æxšḗn
      • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *ṣ̌ḗn
        • Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *x̌ḗn
          • Shughni:
            Bartangi, Khufi, Roshani: x̌īn (“blue, gray, dove-colored”)
            Khughni: x̌īn (“gray, blueish-gray, grayish-blue, blue”)
          • Sarikoli: x̌ɛуп (“blue, grayish-blue”)
        • Yazghulami: شين (šin, “(dark) blue; greenish-gray; gray; greenish-brown (eyes)”)
      • Yidgha: [script needed] (axšin)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: شین‎ (şîn), ھەشین‎ (heşîn)
      Northern Kurdish: şîn, hêşîn
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎧𐏁𐎡𐎴 (a-x-š-i-n /axšainaʰ/, “turquois”)
      • Middle Persian: (“(dark) blue”)
        Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hšyn' /ахšēn, хšēnēn, xašēn/)
        • Classical Persian: خشین‎ (axšin, xašīn), خشن‎ (xašēn, “ashen, gray, (dark) blue”)[N 1]
          • Iranian Persian: خشین‎ (xäšin, “dark, gray, black, blueish”) (archaic)
          • Tajik: хинг (xing, “gray”) (dialectical)
      • → Achaemenid Elamite: 𒀝𒊺𒈾 (ak-še-na) (given name)
Notes
  1. Possible merger in some languages with *hucáyHnah (“ashy, ashen, gray”), whence Sogdian 𐼄𐼇𐼑𐼀𐼊𐼎𐼕𐼆‎ (ɣwsʾynch /xusēnč/, “ashy”), from *hucáyah (“ash”) (whence Khwarezmian 𐾹𐾶𐾿𐾺‎ (xwsy, “ash”)).

References
  1. Hinz, Walther (1975), “*axšaina-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 25
  2. Bailey, H. W. (1979), “āṣṣeina-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, pages 26-27
  3. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “aksa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 3
  4. Cheung, Johnny (2002) Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN, pages 17, 32
  5. Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000), “*axšaina-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura
  6. Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989) Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 400
  7. Tavernier, Jan (2007), “*Axšainafaina-”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 441
  8. Hinz, Walther (1975), “*axšainafaina-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 25
  9. Tavernier, Jan (2007), “*Axšainaxvaina-”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 441
  10. Hinz, Walther (1975), “*axšainaxvaina-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 25
  11. Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 27
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