< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/golъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Probably cognate with Proto-Germanic *kalwaz, Latin calvus (“bald, hairless”), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“bald, naked”) (reconstructed as *gal- in older literature). Vasmer, Georgiev additionally link it to Latvian gā̀ls (“ice-smooth, slick”), gàla (“frost, thin layer of ice”) from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”) (cf. Proto-Slavic *golъtь, *golotь (“hoarfrost”)).
See the literature for further hypotheses.
Declension
Indefinite declension of *golъ (hard)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *golъ | *gola | *golo |
Accusative | *golъ | *golǫ | *golo |
Genitive | *gola | *goly | *gola |
Locative | *golě | *golě | *golě |
Dative | *golu | *golě | *golu |
Instrumental | *golomь | *golojǫ | *golomь |
Vocative | *gole | *golo | *golo |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *gola | *golě | *golě |
Accusative | *gola | *golě | *golě |
Genitive | *golu | *golu | *golu |
Locative | *golu | *golu | *golu |
Dative | *goloma | *golama | *goloma |
Instrumental | *goloma | *golama | *goloma |
Vocative | *gola | *golě | *golě |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *goli | *goly | *gola |
Accusative | *goly | *goly | *gola |
Genitive | *golъ | *golъ | *golъ |
Locative | *golěxъ | *golaxъ | *golěxъ |
Dative | *golomъ | *golamъ | *golomъ |
Instrumental | *goly | *golami | *goly |
Vocative | *goli | *goly | *gola |
Definite declension of *golъ (hard)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *golъjь | *golaja | *goloje |
Accusative | *golъjь | *golǫjǫ | *goloje |
Genitive | *golajego | *golyję | *golajego |
Locative | *golějemь | *golěji | *golějemь |
Dative | *golujemu | *golěji | *golujemu |
Instrumental | *golyjimi | *golǫjǫ | *golyjimi |
Vocative | *golъjь | *golaja | *goloje |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *golaja | *golěji | *golěji |
Accusative | *golaja | *golěji | *golěji |
Genitive | *goluju | *goluju | *goluju |
Locative | *goluju | *goluju | *goluju |
Dative | *golyjima | *golyjima | *golyjima |
Instrumental | *golyjima | *golyjima | *golyjima |
Vocative | *golaja | *golěji | *golěji |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *goliji | *golyję | *golaja |
Accusative | *golyję | *golyję | *golaja |
Genitive | *golъjixъ | *golъjixъ | *golъjixъ |
Locative | *golyjixъ | *golyjixъ | *golyjixъ |
Dative | *golyjimъ | *golyjimъ | *golyjimъ |
Instrumental | *golyjimi | *golyjimi | *golyjimi |
Vocative | *goliji | *golyję | *golaja |
Derived terms
Verbs
- *golěti
- *goliti
Agent nouns
- *golakъ
- *golica
- *goličь
- *golikъ
- *golьcь
- *golyšь
Abstract nouns
- *golь
- *golostь
- *golota
- *golyni
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gòlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 176: “adj. o (b) ‘naked’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “golъ gola golo”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b nøgen (PR 136)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “gol”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *golъ̏ (ali *gȍlъ)”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “го́лый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*golъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 14
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “гол¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 261
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