Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/komъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Traditionally compared with Lithuanian kãmas (“chunk”), kamuolỹs (“ball”), Latvian kams (“mass, clod”), kamols (“ball”), probably from a common Proto-Balto-Slavic *kam⁽ˀ⁾as (“mass”). Further comparison has been drawn to Sanskrit शम् (śam, “to toil, to wreck”), Ancient Greek κᾰ́μνω (kámnō, “to exert, to work hard”), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱemh₂- (“to exert force, to get toiled”).

It is uncertain if the current term is related to homonymous *komъ (“bulge, mound”), attested in South Slavic: Bulgarian Ком (Kom), Комощи́ца (Komoštíca) (oronyms), dial. Serbo-Croatian ко̏м, ко̀мац (“hill, steep”) (alternatively compared with Romanian coamă (“ridge, crest”) < Latin coma (“hair”)). Compare Russian кому́ля (komúlja, “lump of earth”).

Noun

*komъ m

clod, clump (East Slavic)
(secondary) lump of marc, refuse matter (West, South Slavic)
Coordinate term: *komina

Alternative forms

*koma f (ā-stem)

Declension

Declension of *komъ (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*komъ	*koma	*komi
Accusative	*komъ	*koma	*komy
Genitive	*koma	*komu	*komъ
Locative	*komě	*komu	*koměxъ
Dative	*komu	*komoma	*komomъ
Instrumental	komъmь, komomь^*	*komoma	*komy
Vocative	*kome	*koma	*komi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*komiti (“to squash”)
- *komina (“refuse matter”)
*komъkъ (diminutive)

Related terms

*komęga (“type of vessel, boat”)
*komolъ (“hornless, mutilated”) (possibly)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: ком (kom)
- Russian: ком (kom)
- Ukrainian: ком (kom)
South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal, obsolescent)
  Cyrillic: ко̏м, ко̏ма f (“marc”)
  
  Latin: kȍm, kȍma f (“marc, dross”)
- Slovene: kom (“ball, clump”) (dialectal)
West Slavic:
- Polish: kom