< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sǫdi
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *som-dʰh₁-ih₂, from *som- + *dʰeh₁- + *-ih₂. Cognate with Lithuanian samdà (“rent”), samdýti (“to hire”), Sanskrit सम्धि (samdhí, “connection, treaty, peace”).
Reconstruction
Per Derksen, *sǫdì already had word-final accent before the operation of Dybo's law (*sǫ- still behaved as a prefix) and hence *sǫ- remained short. Russian судья́ (sudʹjá) reflects *sǫdьjà from earlier *sǫdь̀ja by Dybo's law.
Inflection
Declension of *sǫdь̀ja (ī-stem, accent paradigm b)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *sǫdь̀ja | *sǫdь̀ji | *sǫdь̀ję̇ |
| Accusative | *sǫdь̀jǫ | *sǫdь̀ji | *sǫdь̀ję̇ |
| Genitive | *sǫdь̀ję̇ | *sǫdь̀ju | *sǫdь̀jь |
| Locative | *sǫdь̀ji | *sǫdь̀ju | *sǫdь̀jasъ, *sǫdь̀jaxъ* |
| Dative | *sǫdь̀ji | *sǫdь̀jama | *sǫdь̀jamъ |
| Instrumental | *sǫdь̀jejǫ, *sǫdь̀jǫ** | *sǫdь̀jama | *sǫdь̀jamī |
| Vocative | *sǫdьje | *sǫdь̀ji | *sǫdь̀ję̇ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Alternative forms
- *sǫdьji (Chernykh)
Derived terms
- *sǭdìti (“to judge”)
Related terms
- *sǫ̃dъ (“court of law, trial, judgment”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “судья́”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “суд”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 216
- Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “судья́”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 462
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