< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/svinъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *swīˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *suH-iHnos, from *suH- (“pig, hog, swine”) + *-iHnos.
Baltic cognates include Latvian svīns (“dirty”). Further cognates with Latin suīnus (“swine; porcine”), Proto-Germanic *swīną (“pig, swine”) (from which comes Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 (swein), Old High German swīn, English swine, Old Norse svín).
Declension
Indefinite declension of *svinъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *svinъ | *svina | *svino |
| Accusative | *svinъ | *svinǫ | *svino |
| Genitive | *svina | *sviny | *svina |
| Locative | *svině | *svině | *svině |
| Dative | *svinu | *svině | *svinu |
| Instrumental | *svinomь | *svinojǫ | *svinomь |
| Vocative | *svine | *svino | *svino |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *svina | *svině | *svině |
| Accusative | *svina | *svině | *svině |
| Genitive | *svinu | *svinu | *svinu |
| Locative | *svinu | *svinu | *svinu |
| Dative | *svinoma | *svinama | *svinoma |
| Instrumental | *svinoma | *svinama | *svinoma |
| Vocative | *svina | *svině | *svině |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *svini | *sviny | *svina |
| Accusative | *sviny | *sviny | *svina |
| Genitive | *svinъ | *svinъ | *svinъ |
| Locative | *sviněxъ | *svinaxъ | *sviněxъ |
| Dative | *svinomъ | *svinamъ | *svinomъ |
| Instrumental | *sviny | *svinami | *sviny |
| Vocative | *svini | *sviny | *svina |
Definite declension of *svinъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *svinъjь | *svinaja | *svinoje |
| Accusative | *svinъjь | *svinǫjǫ | *svinoje |
| Genitive | *svinajego | *svinyję | *svinajego |
| Locative | *svinějemь | *sviněji | *svinějemь |
| Dative | *svinujemu | *sviněji | *svinujemu |
| Instrumental | *svinyjimi | *svinǫjǫ | *svinyjimi |
| Vocative | *svinъjь | *svinaja | *svinoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *svinaja | *sviněji | *sviněji |
| Accusative | *svinaja | *sviněji | *sviněji |
| Genitive | *svinuju | *svinuju | *svinuju |
| Locative | *svinuju | *svinuju | *svinuju |
| Dative | *svinyjima | *svinyjima | *svinyjima |
| Instrumental | *svinyjima | *svinyjima | *svinyjima |
| Vocative | *svinaja | *sviněji | *sviněji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *sviniji | *svinyję | *svinaja |
| Accusative | *svinyję | *svinyję | *svinaja |
| Genitive | *svinъjixъ | *svinъjixъ | *svinъjixъ |
| Locative | *svinyjixъ | *svinyjixъ | *svinyjixъ |
| Dative | *svinyjimъ | *svinyjimъ | *svinyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *svinyjimi | *svinyjimi | *svinyjimi |
| Vocative | *sviniji | *svinyję | *svinaja |
Alternative forms
- *svinъjь (East Slavic)
Derived terms
- *svīnī
- *svinьjà f (“pig, swine”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: свинъ (svinŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⱄⰲⰺⱀⱏ (svinŭ)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “свино́й”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “свіны́”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “свиня́”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 191
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*svinъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 477: “adj. o ‘pig-’”
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