Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/altun

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Likely related to Proto-Mongolic *altan (“gold”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) Compare Mongolian алт (alt), Dongxiang antang and Daur alt.

Noun

*altun

gold (metal)

Declension

Declension of *altun

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*altun
Accusative	altunnu, altunnug ¹⁾
Genitive	*altunnuŋ
Dative	*altunka
Locative	*altunta
Ablative	*altuntan
Instrumental ²⁾	*altunun
Equative ²⁾	*altunča

¹⁾ Found in early Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Volga Bulgar: الطن‎ (altın)
  - Chuvash: ылтӑн (ylt̬ăn)
Common Turkic: *altun

Oghuz:
- Proto-Oghuz: *altun
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Ottoman Turkish: آلتون‎ (altun, altın)
      - Gagauz: altın
      - Turkish: altın
  - Salar: altun
  - Turkmen: altyn
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: اَلْتُونْ‎ (altūn)
  - Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (altūn)
    - Chagatai: [script needed] (altun)
      - Uzbek: oltin
      - Uyghur: ئالتۇن‎ (altun)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak: التن‎ (altın)
  - North Kipchak:
    - Bashkir: алтын (altın)
    - Tatar: алтын (altın)
  - West Kipchak:
    - Crimean Tatar: altın
    - Karachay-Balkar: алтын (altın)
    - Kumyk: алтын (altın)
    - Karaim: алтын
    - Krymchak: алтын
  - South Kipchak:
    - Caspian:
      - Kazakh: алтын (altyn)
      - Karakalpak: alti’n
      - Nogai: алтын (altın)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: алтын (altın)
    - Southern Altai: алтын (altïn)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣‎ (l¹t¹un¹ /altun/)
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ʾʾltwn /altun/)
    - Western Yugur: [script needed] (aʰltïm)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: алтан (“copper”)
  - Yakut: алтан (altan, “copper”)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tuvan: алдын (aldın)
    - Tofa: аълтан
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: алтын (altın)
    - Shor: алтын (altın)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972), “altuːn”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Tokat, Feyza (2014), “On the Common Words in Mongolian and the Turkish Dialects in Turkey”, in The Journal of International Social Research (Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi)‎, volume 7, issue 32, →ISSN, pages 185-198.
Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎, Utrecht: LOT

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Minerals in Proto-Turkic
Stone	stone: *tiāĺ	Iron	iron: *temür	Silver	silver: *kümüĺ
Gold	gold: *altun	Strawberry	copper: *bakïr	Chalk	chalk or earth: *bōr
Coal	coal: *kömür	Salt	salt: *tūŕ	Lead	lead: *korguĺčïn