despertar
Asturian
Verb
despertar (first-person singular indicative present despierto, past participle despertáu)
- Alternative form of espertar
Conjugation
Catalan
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *expertare, from *expertus, from Latin experrectus (“awoken”), perfect passive participle of expergiscor (“I awake, I wake up”).
Pronunciation
Conjugation
infinitive | despertar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | despertant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | despertat | despertada | |||||
plural | despertats | despertades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | desperto | despertes | desperta | despertem | desperteu | desperten | |
imperfect | despertava | despertaves | despertava | despertàvem | despertàveu | despertaven | |
future | despertaré | despertaràs | despertarà | despertarem | despertareu | despertaran | |
preterite | despertí | despertares | despertà | despertàrem | despertàreu | despertaren | |
conditional | despertaria | despertaries | despertaria | despertaríem | despertaríeu | despertarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | desperti | despertis | desperti | despertem | desperteu | despertin | |
imperfect | despertés | despertessis | despertés | despertéssim | despertéssiu | despertessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
— | desperta | desperti | despertem | desperteu | despertin |
Derived terms
- despertada
- despertador
- despertament
Related terms
Further reading
- “despertar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese despertar, from earlier espertar, from Vulgar Latin *expertāre, from *expertus, from Latin experrēctus (“awoken”), perfect passive participle of expergīscor (“to awake, to wake up”). Cognate with Galician despertar, espertar, Catalan and Spanish despertar.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /des.peʁˈta(ʁ)/ [des.pehˈta(h)], /d͡ʒis.peʁˈta(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒis.pehˈta(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /des.peɾˈta(ɾ)/, /d͡ʒis.peɾˈta(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /deʃ.peʁˈta(ʁ)/ [deʃ.peχˈta(χ)], /d͡ʒiʃ.peʁˈta(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒiʃ.peχˈta(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /des.peɻˈta(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /dɨʃ.pɨɾˈtaɾ/
Verb
despertar (first-person singular present desperto, first-person singular preterite despertei, past participle despertado)
- (intransitive) to awake (gain consciousness)
- Synonyms: acordar, espertar
- Antonyms: cair no sono, dormir
- (intransitive) to go off (alarm)
- Synonyms: alarmar, alvoraçar
- (transitive) to awaken somebody
- (transitive) to alarm (put on the alert)
- (transitive with para) to become interested in
- (transitive with para) to wake up to (become more aware of a situation)
- (transitive, poetic) to awake (excite or to stir up something latent)
- Synonyms: acordar, espertar, desencadear
- inflection of despertar:
- first/third-person singular future subjunctive
- first/third-person singular personal infinitive
Conjugation
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Derived terms
Related terms
Spanish
Etymology
From despierto (“awake”) + -ar, or it may correspond to a Vulgar Latin *expertāre, from *expertus, from Latin experrēctus (“awoken”), perfect passive participle of expergīscor (“to awake, to wake up”). Cognate with Galician despertar, espertar, Catalan despertar, Portuguese despertar, and Walloon dispierter.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /despeɾˈtaɾ/ [d̪es.peɾˈt̪aɾ]
Audio (Colombia) (file) - Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: des‧per‧tar
Verb
despertar (first-person singular present despierto, first-person singular preterite desperté, past participle despertado)
- (transitive) to wake
- Despiértame a las siete, ¿vale?
- Wake me up at seven, OK?
- (intransitive, often takes a reflexive pronoun) to wake up
- No me puedo despertar tan temprano.
- I can't wake up that early.
- (figurative, transitive) to awaken
- (figurative, transitive) to pique (interest, curiosity)
- Fue solo la mención de la posibilidad de juntarnos en el bar la que despertó su interés.
- The mere mention of the possibility of us getting together at the bar that piqued his interest.
Conjugation
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive despertar | |||||||
dative | despertarme | despertarte | despertarle, despertarse | despertarnos | despertaros | despertarles, despertarse | |
accusative | despertarme | despertarte | despertarlo, despertarla, despertarse | despertarnos | despertaros | despertarlos, despertarlas, despertarse | |
with gerund despertando | |||||||
dative | despertándome | despertándote | despertándole, despertándose | despertándonos | despertándoos | despertándoles, despertándose | |
accusative | despertándome | despertándote | despertándolo, despertándola, despertándose | despertándonos | despertándoos | despertándolos, despertándolas, despertándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative despierta | |||||||
dative | despiértame | despiértate | despiértale | despiértanos | not used | despiértales | |
accusative | despiértame | despiértate | despiértalo, despiértala | despiértanos | not used | despiértalos, despiértalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative despertá | |||||||
dative | despertame | despertate | despertale | despertanos | not used | despertales | |
accusative | despertame | despertate | despertalo, despertala | despertanos | not used | despertalos, despertalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative despierte | |||||||
dative | despiérteme | not used | despiértele, despiértese | despiértenos | not used | despiérteles | |
accusative | despiérteme | not used | despiértelo, despiértela, despiértese | despiértenos | not used | despiértelos, despiértelas | |
with first-person plural imperative despertemos | |||||||
dative | not used | despertémoste | despertémosle | despertémonos | despertémoos | despertémosles | |
accusative | not used | despertémoste | despertémoslo, despertémosla | despertémonos | despertémoos | despertémoslos, despertémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative despertad | |||||||
dative | despertadme | not used | despertadle | despertadnos | despertaos | despertadles | |
accusative | despertadme | not used | despertadlo, despertadla | despertadnos | despertaos | despertadlos, despertadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative despierten | |||||||
dative | despiértenme | not used | despiértenle | despiértennos | not used | despiértenles, despiértense | |
accusative | despiértenme | not used | despiértenlo, despiértenla | despiértennos | not used | despiértenlos, despiértenlas, despiértense |
Derived terms
Usage notes
- Despertar is a false friend, and does not mean "desperate". The word for "desperate" in Spanish is desesperado.
Further reading
- “despertar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- “despertar” in Diccionario panhispánico de dudas, primera edición, Real Academia Española, 2005.