leben
German
Etymology
From Middle High German and Old High German lebēn, from Proto-West Germanic *libbjan, from Proto-Germanic *libjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“leave, cling, linger”).
Cognate with Old Saxon libbian (Middle Low German leven, German Low German lęven, lewen (“to live”)), Dutch leven, English live, West Frisian libje, Old Norse lifa (Swedish leva), Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (liban).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈleːbən/, [ˈleːbm̩], [ˈleːb(ə)n]
audio (file) audio (file) audio (file)
Verb
leben (weak, third-person singular present lebt, past tense lebte, past participle gelebt, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive) to live, to be alive
- (intransitive) to dwell, to reside
- 2010, Der Spiegel, issue 35/2010, page 102:
- Es leben etwa 300 000 Bürger des ehemaligen Jugoslawien in der Schweiz, kaum ein Staat hat damals im Verhältnis zu seiner Einwohnerzahl so viele Flüchtlinge aufgenommen.
- There are (reside) about 300,000 citizens of the former Yugoslavia living in Switzerland, hardly any state took in so many refugees in relation to its population at that time.
- Ich lebe in der Schillerstraße in der Nähe des Stadtzentrums. ― I live in the Schiller-street near the city's center.
- 2010, Der Spiegel, issue 35/2010, page 102:
- (intransitive) to live, to exist, to occupy a place
- Die Dinosaurier lebten für Jahrmillionen auf der Erde bevor der Mensch erschien. ― The dinosaurs existed on Earth for millions of years prior to the rise of man.
- (intransitive, hyperbolic) to cope with, to live with, to deal with
- Du wirst wohl damit leben müssen! ― You'll have to cope with it!
- Jeder muss mit seinen eigenen Problemen leben! ― Everybody has to deal with his own issues.
Conjugation
infinitive | leben | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | lebend | ||||
past participle | gelebt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich lebe | wir leben | i | ich lebe | wir leben |
du lebst | ihr lebt | du lebest | ihr lebet | ||
er lebt | sie leben | er lebe | sie leben | ||
preterite | ich lebte | wir lebten | ii | ich lebte1 | wir lebten1 |
du lebtest | ihr lebtet | du lebtest1 | ihr lebtet1 | ||
er lebte | sie lebten | er lebte1 | sie lebten1 | ||
imperative | leb (du) lebe (du) |
lebt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Synonyms
Derived terms
- auf großem Fuß leben
- in den Tag hinein leben
- über seine Verhältnisse leben
Old High German
Etymology 1
From Proto-West Germanic *libbjan, from Proto-Germanic *libjaną, related to Old English libban, Old Norse lifa. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“leave, cling, linger”).
Conjugation
infinitive | lebēn | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | lebem | lebeta |
2nd person singular | lebes | lebetos |
3rd person singular | lebet | lebeta |
1st person plural | lebem, lebemes | lebetum, lebetumes |
2nd person plural | lebet | lebetut |
3rd person plural | lebent | lebetun |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st person singular | lebe | lebeti |
2nd person singular | lebes | lebetis |
3rd person singular | lebe | lebeti |
1st person plural | lebem, lebemes | lebetim, lebetimes |
2nd person plural | lebet | lebetit |
3rd person plural | leben | lebetin |
imperative | present | |
singular | lebe | |
plural | lebet | |
participle | present | past |
lebenti | gilebet |
Descendants
Etymology 2
Derived from the verb lebēn.