دل

Arabic

Etymology

From the root د ل ل‎ (d-l-l).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dal.la/

Verb

دَلَّ • (dalla) I, non-past يَدُلُّ‎‎ (yadullu)

to show, to indicate, to direct
[+ على] to be evidence of, to be proof of, to attest to, to demonstrate, to establish, to substantiate
[+ على] to denote, to designate, to signify, to suggest

Conjugation

Conjugation of

دَلَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal noun دَلَالَة)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					دَلَالَة‎ dalāla
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					دَالّ‎ dāll
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَدْلُول‎ madlūl
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دَلَلْتُ‎ dalaltu	دَلَلْتَ‎ dalalta	دَلَّ dalla	دَلَلْتُمَا‎ dalaltumā	دَلَّا‎ dallā	دَلَلْنَا‎ dalalnā	دَلَلْتُمْ‎ dalaltum	دَلُّوا‎ dallū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	دَلَلْتُ‎ dalaltu	دَلَلْتِ‎ dalalti	دَلَّتْ‎ dallat	دَلَلْتُمَا‎ dalaltumā	دَلَّتَا‎ dallatā	دَلَلْنَا‎ dalalnā	دَلَلْتُنَّ‎ dalaltunna	دَلَلْنَ‎ dalalna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَدُلُّ‎ ʔadullu	تَدُلُّ‎ tadullu	يَدُلُّ‎ yadullu	تَدُلَّانِ‎ tadullāni	يَدُلَّانِ‎ yadullāni	نَدُلُّ‎ nadullu	تَدُلُّونَ‎ tadullūna	يَدُلُّونَ‎ yadullūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَدُلُّ‎ ʔadullu	تَدُلِّينَ‎ tadullīna	تَدُلُّ‎ tadullu	تَدُلَّانِ‎ tadullāni	تَدُلَّانِ‎ tadullāni	نَدُلُّ‎ nadullu	تَدْلُلْنَ‎ tadlulna	يَدْلُلْنَ‎ yadlulna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَدُلَّ‎ ʔadulla	تَدُلَّ‎ tadulla	يَدُلَّ‎ yadulla	تَدُلَّا‎ tadullā	يَدُلَّا‎ yadullā	نَدُلَّ‎ nadulla	تَدُلُّوا‎ tadullū	يَدُلُّوا‎ yadullū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَدُلَّ‎ ʔadulla	تَدُلِّي‎ tadullī	تَدُلَّ‎ tadulla	تَدُلَّا‎ tadullā	تَدُلَّا‎ tadullā	نَدُلَّ‎ nadulla	تَدْلُلْنَ‎ tadlulna	يَدْلُلْنَ‎ yadlulna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَدُلَّ‎ or أَدُلِّ‎ or أَدْلُلْ‎ ʔadulla or ʔadulli or ʔadlul	تَدُلَّ‎ or تَدُلِّ‎ or تَدْلُلْ‎ tadulla or tadulli or tadlul	يَدُلَّ‎ or يَدُلِّ‎ or يَدْلُلْ‎ yadulla or yadulli or yadlul	تَدُلَّا‎ tadullā	يَدُلَّا‎ yadullā	نَدُلَّ‎ or نَدُلِّ‎ or نَدْلُلْ‎ nadulla or nadulli or nadlul	تَدُلُّوا‎ tadullū	يَدُلُّوا‎ yadullū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تَدُلِّي‎ tadullī	تَدُلَّ‎ or تَدُلِّ‎ or تَدْلُلْ‎ tadulla or tadulli or tadlul	تَدُلَّا‎ tadullā	تَدُلَّا‎ tadullā		تَدْلُلْنَ‎ tadlulna	يَدْلُلْنَ‎ yadlulna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		دُلَّ or دُلِّ or اُدْلُلْ‎ dulla or dulli or udlul		دُلَّا‎ dullā			دُلُّوا‎ dullū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		دُلِّي‎ dullī		دُلَّا‎ dullā			اُدْلُلْنَ‎ udlulna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دُلِلْتُ‎ duliltu	دُلِلْتَ‎ dulilta	دُلَّ dulla	دُلِلْتُمَا‎ duliltumā	دُلَّا‎ dullā	دُلِلْنَا‎ dulilnā	دُلِلْتُمْ‎ duliltum	دُلُّوا‎ dullū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	دُلِلْتُ‎ duliltu	دُلِلْتِ‎ dulilti	دُلَّتْ‎ dullat	دُلِلْتُمَا‎ duliltumā	دُلَّتَا‎ dullatā	دُلِلْنَا‎ dulilnā	دُلِلْتُنَّ‎ duliltunna	دُلِلْنَ‎ dulilna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُدَلُّ‎ ʔudallu	تُدَلُّ‎ tudallu	يُدَلُّ‎ yudallu	تُدَلَّانِ‎ tudallāni	يُدَلَّانِ‎ yudallāni	نُدَلُّ‎ nudallu	تُدَلُّونَ‎ tudallūna	يُدَلُّونَ‎ yudallūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُدَلُّ‎ ʔudallu	تُدَلِّينَ‎ tudallīna	تُدَلُّ‎ tudallu	تُدَلَّانِ‎ tudallāni	تُدَلَّانِ‎ tudallāni	نُدَلُّ‎ nudallu	تُدْلَلْنَ‎ tudlalna	يُدْلَلْنَ‎ yudlalna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُدَلَّ‎ ʔudalla	تُدَلَّ‎ tudalla	يُدَلَّ‎ yudalla	تُدَلَّا‎ tudallā	يُدَلَّا‎ yudallā	نُدَلَّ‎ nudalla	تُدَلُّوا‎ tudallū	يُدَلُّوا‎ yudallū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُدَلَّ‎ ʔudalla	تُدَلِّي‎ tudallī	تُدَلَّ‎ tudalla	تُدَلَّا‎ tudallā	تُدَلَّا‎ tudallā	نُدَلَّ‎ nudalla	تُدْلَلْنَ‎ tudlalna	يُدْلَلْنَ‎ yudlalna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُدَلَّ‎ or أُدَلِّ‎ or أُدْلَلْ‎ ʔudalla or ʔudalli or ʔudlal	تُدَلَّ‎ or تُدَلِّ‎ or تُدْلَلْ‎ tudalla or tudalli or tudlal	يُدَلَّ‎ or يُدَلِّ‎ or يُدْلَلْ‎ yudalla or yudalli or yudlal	تُدَلَّا‎ tudallā	يُدَلَّا‎ yudallā	نُدَلَّ‎ or نُدَلِّ‎ or نُدْلَلْ‎ nudalla or nudalli or nudlal	تُدَلُّوا‎ tudallū	يُدَلُّوا‎ yudallū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تُدَلِّي‎ tudallī	تُدَلَّ‎ or تُدَلِّ‎ or تُدْلَلْ‎ tudalla or tudalli or tudlal	تُدَلَّا‎ tudallā	تُدَلَّا‎ tudallā		تُدْلَلْنَ‎ tudlalna	يُدْلَلْنَ‎ yudlalna

Baluchi

Etymology

From Classical Persian ‎ (dil), from Proto-Iranian *jŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

Compare Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛‎ (zərəd), old Mazanderani زیله‎ (zila) Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya), Armenian սիրտ (sirt), and English heart.

Doublet of ‎, which was inherited.

Noun

دل • (dil)

(anatomy) heart
Synonym: زرد‎ (zird)

Derived terms

دلبر‎ (dilbar, “sweetheart, beloved”)
دلکهر‎ (dilkahr, “heartbroken”)
زنده‌دل‎ (zinda-dil, “lively”)
شیردل‎ (šérdel, “brave”)

Gujarati

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ‎ (dil) or Urdu دل‎ (dil), itself from Persian, both from Proto-Iranian *jŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam.

Noun

دل • (dil) n (Standard Gujarati દિલ) (Lisan ud-Dawat)

heart
Synonyms: ھيّوں (haiyũ), ھردہ (hirdā), قلب (qalb), فؤاد (fuwād)

Laki

Noun

دل (dil)

heart

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *til, *tïl (“tongue; language”).

Alternative forms

دیل‎ (dil)

Noun

دل • (dil)

tongue (organ)
anything shaped like a tongue
1. (geography) spit, promontory
2. tenon
tongue (language)
a prisoner taken to gain information

Derived terms

دل باغی‎ (dil bağı, “frenulum”)
دل بالغی‎ (dil balığı, “kind of flatfish”)
دلجك‎ (dilcik, “clitoris”)

Descendants

Turkish: dil

Etymology 2

From Persian ‎ (del).

Noun

دل • (dil)

heart (organ)
Synonyms: یورك‎ (yürek), قلب‎ (kalb)
(figurative) heart, courage; mind, feelings
Synonym: گوڭل‎ (göñül)

Descendants

Turkish: dil

References

Kélékian, Diran (1911), “دل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 600
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “dil1”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “dil2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Redhouse, James W. (1890), “دل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 910

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭩𐭫‎ (dyl /dil/), from Proto-Iranian *jŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr; with a regular phonetic shift *ȷ́ŕ̥d- > *dŕ̥d > *dŕ̥l > dil. For the phonetic change, compare ‎ (gol) and ‎ (sâlâr).

Cognates with Parthian 𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫅‎ (zyrd /zirδ/), Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛‎ (zərəd), old Mazanderani زیله‎ (zila), Northern Kurdish dil, Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya), Armenian սիրտ (sirt), and English heart.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /dil/

(Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /dɪl/

(Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /del/

(Tajik) IPA^(key): /dil/

Noun

Iranian Persian	دل
Dari	دل
Tajik	дил (dil)

دل • (del) (plural دل‌ها‎ (del-hâ))

(original sense, now less common) heart
Synonym: (now more common) قلب‎ (qalb)
(now common) stomach
‏‎ ― del-am dard mi-konad ― I have a stomachache
mind; (figurative) the heart (as the seat of emotion)
‏‎ ― del-am šekast ― my heart is broken
courage

Derived terms

دلبر‎ (delbar)
همدل‎ (hamdel)
اهل دل‎ (ahl-e del)
دلباخته‎ (delbâxte)
بزدل‎ (bozdel)
شیردل‎ (širdel)
دلسوز‎ (delsuz)
دلتنگ‎ (deltang)
دل دادن‎ (del dâdan)
دلداده‎ (deldâde)
دلدار‎ (deldâr)
دلاور‎ (delâvar)
- دلیر‎ (dalir)

Borrowed terms

→ Judeo-Tat: дуьл (dyl)
→ Azerbaijani: dil
→ Middle Bengali: দেল (del)
- Bengali: দিল (dil)
→ Gujarati: દિલ (dil)
Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati: دل (dil)
→ Old Hindi: दिल (dila)
- Hindustani: dil
  Hindi: दिल
  Urdu: دِل‎
→ Maithili: dil
Devanagari script: दिल

Tirhuta script: 𑒠𑒱𑒪
→ Marathi: दिल (dil)
→ Marwari: दिल (dil)
→ Nepali: दिल (dil)
→ Oriya: ଦିଲ (dilô)
→ Old Punjabi: ਦਿਲੁ (dilu)
- Punjabi: dil
  Gurmukhi script: ਦਿਲ
  Shahmukhi script: دِل‎
→ Ottoman Turkish: دل‎
- Turkish: dil
→ Sindhi:
Arabic script: دِلُ‎

Devanagari script: दिलु
→ Yagnobi: дил (dil)

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ‎ (dil). First attested as Old Punjabi ਦਿਲੁ (dilu).

Noun

دِل • (dil) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਦਿਲ)

Declension

Declension of دل
dir. sg.	دِل‎ (dil)
dir. pl.	دِل‎ (dil)
	singular	plural
direct	دِل‎ (dil)	دِل‎ (dil)
oblique	دِل‎ (dil)	دِلاں‎ (dilāṉ)
vocative	دِلا‎ (dilā)	دِلو‎ (dilo)
ablative	دِلوں‎ (diloṉ)	—
locative	دِلے‎ (dile)	دِلِیں‎ (dilīṉ)
instrumental	دِلے‎ (dile)	دِلِیں‎ (dilīṉ)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
د ل ل‎

Etymology

From Arabic دَلَّ‎ (dalla).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dall/, [dal]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)

Verb

دلّ • (dall) (form I, present بدلّ‎ (bidill))

to guide, to direct, to indicate
Synonyms: أرشد‎ (ʔaršad), أشر‎ (ʔaššar)

Conjugation

Conjugation of دلّ (dall)
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	دلّيت (dallēt)	دلّيت (dallēt)	دلّ (dall)	دلّينا (dallēna)	دلّيتو (dallētu)	دلّو (dallu)
past	f	دلّيت (dallēt)	دلّيتي (dallēti)	دلّت (dallat)	دلّينا (dallēna)	دلّيتو (dallētu)	دلّو (dallu)
present	m	بدلّ (badill)	بتدلّ (bitdill)	بدلّ (bidill)	مندلّ (mindill)	بتدلّو (bitdillu)	بدلّو (bidillu)
present	f	بدلّ (badill)	بتدلّي (bitdilli)	بتدلّ (bitdill)	مندلّ (mindill)	بتدلّو (bitdillu)	بدلّو (bidillu)
subjunctive	m	ادلّ (adill)	تدلّ (tdill)	يدلّ (ydill)	ندلّ (ndill)	تدلّو (tdillu)	يدلّو (ydillu)
subjunctive	f	ادلّ (adill)	تدلّي (tdilli)	تدلّ (tdill)	ندلّ (ndill)	تدلّو (tdillu)	يدلّو (ydillu)
imperative	m		دلّ (dill)			دلّو (dillu)
imperative	f		دلّي (dilli)			دلّو (dillu)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ‎ (dil). First attested as Old Hindi दिल (dila).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪ɪl/

(Deccani) IPA^(key): /d̪ɪl/
Rhymes: -ɪl

Noun

دِل • (dil) m (Hindi spelling दिल)

heart
Synonym: قلب‎ (qalb)
(figuratively) mind
Synonyms: من‎ (man), دماغ‎ (dimāġ)
(figuratively) wish

Declension

Declension of دل
	singular	plural
direct	دل‎ (dil)	دل‎ (dil)
oblique	دل‎ (dil)	دلوں‎ (dilō̃)
vocative	دل‎ (dil)	دلو‎ (dilō)

دل

Arabic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Baluchi

Etymology

Noun

Derived terms

Gujarati

Etymology

Noun

Laki

Noun

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Noun

Descendants

References

Persian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Borrowed terms

Punjabi

Etymology

Noun

Declension

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Urdu

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Further reading