交通

Chinese
 
to deliver; to turn over; to make friends
to deliver; to turn over; to make friends; to intersect (lines); to pay (money)
 
go through; know well; to connect
go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open
trad. (交通) 交 通
simp. #(交通) 交 通

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “is it from Japanese?”)

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 交 通
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 肴 (90) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II I
Fanqie 古肴切 他紅切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠau/ /tʰuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚau/ /tʰuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kau/ /tʰuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaɨw/ /tʰəwŋ/
Li
Rong		 /kau/ /tʰuŋ/
Wang
Li		 /kau/ /tʰuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kau/ /tʰuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiāo tōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gaau1 tung1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 交 通
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiāo tōng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kæw › ‹ thuwng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˁraw/ /*l̥ˁoŋ/
English cross (v.) penetrate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 交 通
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 6296 15428
Phonetic
component		 交 用
Rime
group		 宵 東
Rime
subdivision		 2 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 交 通
Old
Chinese		 /*kreːw/ /*l̥ʰoːŋ/

Noun

交通

  1. transportation; transport; traffic
    交通要道  ―  jiāotōng yàodào  ―  main road
    雙向交通／双向交通  ―  shuāngxiàng jiāotōng  ―  two-way traffic
    交通繁忙  ―  jiāotōng fánmáng  ―  heavy traffic
    道路交通信息  ―  dàolù jiāotōng xìnxī  ―  traffic information
    有礙交通／有碍交通  ―  yǒu'ài jiāotōng  ―  to hinder traffic
    地面交通  ―  dìmiàn jiāotōng  ―  ground transportation
    阻礙交通／阻碍交通  ―  zǔ'ài jiāotōng  ―  to obstruct traffic
  2. communications; liaison
  3. liaison person

Derived terms
Derived terms from 交通

Verb

交通

  1. (formal) to be linked with
  2. (Classical Chinese) to collude with
  3. (Classical Chinese) to go through without obstructions

Synonyms
  • (to collude with):
  • 串 (chuàn) (literary, or in compounds)
  • 串通 (chuàntōng)
  • 勾 (gōu) (literary, or in compounds)
  • 勾搭 (gōuda)

Japanese
交通 (kōtsū): traffic.
Kanji in this term
交 通
こう
Grade: 2		 つう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology

/kautuː/ → /kɔːt͡suː/ → /koːt͡suː/

From Middle Chinese compound 交通 (kaew thuwng, literally “cross through”).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) こーつう [kòótsúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ko̞ːt͡sɨᵝː]

Noun

交(こう)通(つう) • (kōtsū) ←かうつう (kautū)?

  1. transportation
  2. traffic
    交通(こうつう)事故(じこ)
    kōtsū jiko
    traffic accident
  3. social intercourse

Verb

交(こう)通(つう)する • (kōtsū suru) ←かうつう (kautū)?suru (stem 交(こう)通(つう)し (kōtsū shi), past 交(こう)通(つう)した (kōtsū shita))

  1. to travel along a specific route
  2. to have contact with other people, to engage in social intercourse

Conjugation
Conjugation of "交通する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 交通し こうつうし kōtsū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 交通し こうつうし kōtsū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 交通する こうつうする kōtsū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 交通する こうつうする kōtsū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 交通すれ こうつうすれ kōtsū sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 交通せよ¹
交通しろ²		 こうつうせよ¹
こうつうしろ²		 kōtsū seyo¹
kōtsū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 交通される こうつうされる kōtsū sareru
Causative 交通させる
交通さす		 こうつうさせる
こうつうさす		 kōtsū saseru
kōtsū sasu
Potential 交通できる こうつうできる kōtsū dekiru
Volitional 交通しよう こうつうしよう kōtsū shiyō
Negative 交通しない こうつうしない kōtsū shinai
Negative continuative 交通せず こうつうせず kōtsū sezu
Formal 交通します こうつうします kōtsū shimasu
Perfective 交通した こうつうした kōtsū shita
Conjunctive 交通して こうつうして kōtsū shite
Hypothetical conditional 交通すれば こうつうすれば kōtsū sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Noun

交通 • (gyotong) (hangeul 교통)

  1. Hanja form? of 교통 (“transportation, traffic”).

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term
交通

Verb

交通

  1. chữ Hán form of giao thông (“to communicate”).

Noun

交通

  1. chữ Hán form of giao thông (“transportation, traffic”).
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