以下

Chinese

	to use; according to; so as to to use; according to; so as to; in order to; by; with; because; Israel (abbrev.)	under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter
trad. (以下)	以	下
simp. ^#(以下)	以	下
alternative forms	已下 obsolete

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǐxià

(Zhuyin): ㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁵ haa⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yî-ha
Min Bei (KCR): ǐ-à
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): í-hǎ / í-hā / í-hēe / í-ě / í-ē / í-ēe

(Teochew, Peng'im): in² ê⁶
Xiang (Wiktionary): i³ xia⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǐxià
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǐsià
  - Wade–Giles: i³-hsia⁴
  - Yale: yǐ-syà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiishiah
  - Palladius: ися (isja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ɕjä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ji⁵ haa⁶
  - Yale: yíh hah
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁵ haa⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi⁵ ha⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː¹³ haː²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî-ha
  - Hakka Romanization System: i´ ha
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹ ha⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i²⁴⁻¹¹ ha⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî-ha
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)i´ ha
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹ ha⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ ha⁵⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǐ-à
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹ a⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-hǎ
  - Tâi-lô: í-hǎ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ha²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-hā
  - Tâi-lô: í-hā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: y'ha
  - IPA (Taipei): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ha³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ha³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ha²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-hēe
  - Tâi-lô: í-hēe
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɛ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-ě
  - Tâi-lô: í-ě
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ e²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-ē
  - Tâi-lô: í-ē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ye
  - IPA (Xiamen): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ e²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-ēe
  - Tâi-lô: í-ēe
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɛ²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: in² ê⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: íⁿ ĕ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ e³⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: i³ xia⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁴¹ ɕia̠²¹⁻¹¹/

Noun

以下

below; under
the following; as follows; hereinafter

Antonyms

以上 (yǐshàng)

Derived terms

自鄶以下／自郐以下

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (以下):

→ Japanese: 以下(いか) (ika)
→ Korean: 이하(以下) (iha)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
以	下
い Grade: 4	か Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) いか [íꜜkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ika̠]

Noun

以(い)下(か) • (ika)

less than; at most, not more than, not exceeding
- 1950, 久坂葉子, 落ちてゆく世界:
  「雪(ゆき)ちゃん、おばさん今日(きょう)から一日(いちにち)を五十(ごじゅう)円(えん)以下(いか)で済(す)まそうと思(おも)ってるのよ。
  “Yukichan, obasan kyō kara ichinichi o go jū en ika de sumasō to omotteru no yo.
  Yuki, starting today your grandma has decided to spend no more than 50 yen per day, okay?
the following; "the [something] below" (such as text or a diagram)
- 1918, 芥川龍之介, あの頃の自分の事:
  以下(いか)は小説(しょうせつ)と呼(よ)ぶ種類(しゅるい)のものではないかも知(し)れない。
  Ika wa shōsetsu to yobu shurui no mono de wa nai kamoshirenai.
  What follows may perhaps not be considered any type of novel.
less than; of lower status
ゴミ以下(いか)
gomi ika
lower than trash

Antonyms

以上(いじょう) (ijō)

以下

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Antonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Japanese

Pronunciation

Noun

Antonyms

See also