倡

倡	U+5021, 倡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5021

← 倠
[U+5020]

CJK Unified Ideographs

倢 →
[U+5022]

Translingual

Han character

倡 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人日日 (OAA), four-corner 2626₀, composition ⿰亻昌)

References

KangXi: page 108, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 783
Dae Jaweon: page 231, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 177, character 5
Unihan data for U+5021

Chinese

simp. and trad.		倡

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 倡

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Small seal script**
s05852

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L24011	L24012	L24013	L24010

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (昌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
昌	*tʰjaŋ
倡	tʰjaŋ, tʰjaŋs
猖	*tʰjaŋ
菖	*tʰjaŋ
閶	*tʰjaŋ
鯧	*tʰjaŋ
裮	*tʰjaŋ
琩	*tʰjaŋ
唱	*tʰjaŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tʰjaŋ, *tʰjaŋs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 昌 (OC *tʰjaŋ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chàng (chang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng³, coeng¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhong
Min Dong (BUC): chióng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chhiòng / chhiàng

(Teochew, Peng'im): ciang³
Wu (Wiktionary): ²tshaan

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chàng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻang⁴
  - Yale: chàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chanq
  - Palladius: чан (čan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: coeng³, coeng¹
  - Yale: cheung, chēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng³, tsoeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêng³, cêng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃʰœːŋ³³/, /t͡ʃʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

Note: coeng1 - common variant.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhong
  - Hakka Romanization System: cong
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cong⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chióng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiòng
  - Tâi-lô: tshiòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chioxng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiàng
  - Tâi-lô: tshiàng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiaxng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiaŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰiaŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ciang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ²tshaan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑ̃³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕʰɨɐŋ^H/

Rime
Character	倡
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	尺亮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰiɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰiɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭaŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coeng³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-tʰaŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*tʰjaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	倡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chàng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*mə-tʰaŋ-s/
English	to lead (in singing)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	倡
Reading #	2/2
No.	1258
Phonetic component	昌
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	唱
Old Chinese	/*tʰjaŋs/

Definitions

倡

to lead (a chorus); to introduce
to sing
to advocate; to recommend; to encourage; to promote; to propagate

Compounds

一倡百和
倡和
倡始
倡廉 (chànglián)
倡言 (chàngyán)
倡首 (chàngshǒu)
反腐倡廉 (fǎnfǔchànglián)

彼倡此和
提倡 (tíchàng)
首倡 (shǒuchàng)
一倡三歎／一倡三叹
倡優／倡优 (chāngyōu)
倡導／倡导 (chàngdǎo)
倡導者／倡导者

倡義／倡义
倡議／倡议 (chàngyì)
倡議書／倡议书
倡隨／倡随
夫倡婦隨／夫倡妇随
為主作倡／为主作倡
首倡義舉／首倡义举

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chāng (chang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng¹
Min Dong (BUC): chiŏng
Min Nan (POJ): chhiong

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chang
  - Wade–Giles: chʻang¹
  - Yale: chāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chang
  - Palladius: чан (čan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: coeng¹
  - Yale: chēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃʰœːŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chiŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong
  - Tâi-lô: tshiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiofng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕʰɨɐŋ/

Rime
Character	倡
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	尺良切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiaŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coeng¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*tʰjaŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	倡
Reading #	1/2
No.	1250
Phonetic component	昌
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	昌
Old Chinese	/*tʰjaŋ/

Definitions

倡

^† professional singer and dancer
^† musician; actor; entertainer; performer
^† Alternative form of 娼 (chāng, “prostitute”).

Compounds

俳倡
倡女
倡家
倡寮

妍倡
幸倡
倡優／倡优 (chāngyōu)
倡揚／倡扬

倡條／倡条
倡條冶葉／倡条冶叶
冶葉倡條／冶叶倡条

Japanese

Kanji

倡

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

prostitute

Readings

Go-on: しょう (shō)
Kan-on: しょう (shō)
Kun: となえる (tonaeru, 倡える); わざおぎ (wazaogi, 倡)

Korean

Hanja

倡 (eum 창 (chang))

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Vietnamese

Han character

倡: Hán Nôm readings: xướng

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