先行

Chinese
 
early; prior; former
early; prior; former; in advance; first
 
to go; to do; capable
to go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; okay; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behavior; conduct; a row; profession; professional
simp. and trad.
(先行)		 先 行

Pronunciation

Note:
  • sian-hêng - literary;
  • suiⁿ-kiâⁿ/seng-kiâⁿ - vernacular (to go ahead).

Verb

先行

  1. to advance; to move forward
  2. to go ahead of the rest; to start off before the others

Adjective

先行

  1. advance; ahead of the rest

Adverb

先行

  1. (literary) before; previously
  2. (Can we verify(+) this sense?) in advance; beforehand

Synonyms
  • (before):
Synonyms of 先行

Noun

先行

  1. Short for 先行官 (xiānxíngguān, “commander of an advance unit”).

Derived terms

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
先 行
さき
Grade: 1		 ゆ(き)
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
先行き
Kanji in this term
先 行
さき
Grade: 1		 い(き)
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Compound of 先 (saki, “point, tip; the front, the forward direction; the future”) +‎ 行き (yuki, “going”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 行く (yuku, “to go”), alternative reading for iku).[1][2][3][4]

The sakiyuki reading is first cited to a text from 1678.[1]

Less commonly encountered with the reading sakiiki, using the standard iki reading for the second half.[1][2][3][4] This variant is first cited to a text from 1686.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

先(さき)行(ゆき) or 先(さき)行(いき) • (sakiyuki or sakiiki) 

  1. [???] the first, the vanguard, the state of going out in front
  2. [from 1678] the future, prospects
  3. [from 1881] (finance) anticipated future movement in market prices

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
先 行
せん
Grade: 1		 こう
Grade: 2
on’yomi kan’on

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 先行 (MC sen ɦˠæŋ, literally “preceding + to go”).

First cited to a text from 833.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

先(せん)行(こう) • (senkō) ←せんかう (senkau)?

  1. preceding thing
    先(せん)行(こう)予(よ)約(やく)受(うけ)付(つけ)中(ちゅう)
    senkō yoyaku uketsukechū
    Pre-orders are being accepted.
    (literally, “Currently receiving preceding reservations.”)
  2. a lead, a pioneer
  3. something done prior to something else
Derived terms

Verb

先(せん)行(こう)する • (senkō suru) ←せんかう (senkau)?suru (stem 先(せん)行(こう)し (senkō shi), past 先(せん)行(こう)した (senkō shita))

  1. [from 833] to go ahead of, to go in front of, to go first
    Synonym: 前行 (zenkō)
  2. [from 1887] to lead, to show the way
    Synonym: 導く (michibiku)
  3. [from 1928] to do something ahead of something else
    Synonym: 前行 (zenkō)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "先行する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 先行し せんこうし senkō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 先行し せんこうし senkō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 先行する せんこうする senkō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 先行する せんこうする senkō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 先行すれ せんこうすれ senkō sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 先行せよ¹
先行しろ²		 せんこうせよ¹
せんこうしろ²		 senkō seyo¹
senkō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 先行される せんこうされる senkō sareru
Causative 先行させる
先行さす		 せんこうさせる
せんこうさす		 senkō saseru
senkō sasu
Potential 先行できる せんこうできる senkō dekiru
Volitional 先行しよう せんこうしよう senkō shiyō
Negative 先行しない せんこうしない senkō shinai
Negative continuative 先行せず せんこうせず senkō sezu
Formal 先行します せんこうします senkō shimasu
Perfective 先行した せんこうした senkō shita
Conjunctive 先行して せんこうして senkō shite
Hypothetical conditional 先行すれば せんこうすれば senkō sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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