曾經

See also: 曾经

Chinese

		already; used to	passed through
trad. (曾經)		曾	經
simp. (曾经)		曾	经

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): céngjīng

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cang⁴ ging¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhèn-kîn

(Meixian, Guangdong): cên² gin¹
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chêng-keng / chn̂g-keng / cheng-keng / chan-keng

(Teochew, Peng'im): zêng⁵ gêng¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: céngjīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: céngjing
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻêng²-ching¹
  - Yale: tséng-jīng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tserngjing
  - Palladius: цэнцзин (cɛnczin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cang⁴ ging¹
  - Yale: chàhng gīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsang⁴ ging¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ceng⁴ ging¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐŋ²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhèn-kîn
  - Hakka Romanization System: cenˇ gin´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cen² gin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰen¹¹ kin²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cên² gin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɛn¹¹ cin⁴⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chêng-keng
  - Tâi-lô: tsîng-king
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zengkefng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ²³⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chn̂g-keng
  - Tâi-lô: tsn̂g-king
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zngkefng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-keng
  - Tâi-lô: tsing-king
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zengkefng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chan-keng
  - Tâi-lô: tsan-king
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zankefng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡san⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zêng⁵ gêng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsêng keng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ keŋ³³/

Adverb

曾經

once; before; used to; in the past
我曾經是老師最心疼的學生。 [MSC, trad.]
我曾经是老师最心疼的学生。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ céngjīng shì lǎoshī zuì xīnténg de xuéshēng. [Pinyin]
I used to be the teacher's most beloved student.

Usage notes

Since Chinese does not have grammatical tense, adverbs like these are used to indicate that something has happened in the past.

Synonyms

edit

Synonyms of 曾經

上早 (Hakka)
以前 (yǐqián)
先前 (xiānqián)
先行 (xiānxíng) (literary)
其先 (qíxiān) (literary)
前往 (qiánwǎng) (literary)
原在 (Hakka)
古者 (gǔzhě) (archaic)
在前 (zàiqián)
家先 (Hakka)
往者 (wǎngzhě) (literary)
早先 (zǎoxiān)
早年所 (Min Nan)
昔日 (xīrì) (literary)

曾 (céng)
向來／向来 (xiànglái) (archaic)
嘗／尝 (cháng) (literary, or used in compounds)
往擺／往摆 (Min Nan)
往擺仔／往摆仔 (Min Nan)
往過／往过 (Min Nan)
往過仔／往过仔 (Min Nan)
從前／从前 (cóngqián)
早時／早时 (Min Nan)
昔時／昔时 (xīshí) (literary)
當初／当初 (dāngchū)
舊擺／旧摆 (Singapore Hokkien)
舊早／旧早 (Singapore Hokkien)
過前／过前 (Hainanese)

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