切磋

Chinese

		close to; to cut; to slice	deliberate; to polish
trad. (切磋)		切	磋
simp. ^#(切磋)		切	磋
alternative forms		切瑳

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiēcuō

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄝㄘㄨㄛ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cit³ co¹
Min Nan (POJ): chhiat-chho

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiēcuō
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄝㄘㄨㄛ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciecuo
  - Wade–Giles: chʻieh¹-tsʻo¹
  - Yale: chyē-tswō
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chietsuo
  - Palladius: цецо (ceco)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjɛ⁵⁵ t͡sʰwɔ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cit³ co¹
  - Yale: chit chō
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsit⁸ tso¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: qid³ co¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːt̚³ t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiat-chho
  - Tâi-lô: tshiat-tsho
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiatzhoy
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰo⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰo³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰo⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰo⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰɤ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰet̚ t͡sʰɑ|t͡sʰuɑ^H/

Rime
Character	切	磋	磋
Reading #	2/2	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	清 (14)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	先 (87)	歌 (94)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed
Division (等)	IV	I	I
Fanqie	千結切	七何切	七過切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰet̚/	/t͡sʰɑ/	/t͡sʰuɑ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰet̚/	/t͡sʰɑ/	/t͡sʰuɑ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɛt̚/	/t͡sʰɑ/	/t͡sʰuɑ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰɛt̚/	/t͡sʰa/	/t͡sʰwa^H/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰet̚/	/t͡sʰɑ/	/t͡sʰuɑ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰiet̚/	/t͡sʰɑ/	/t͡sʰuɑ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰiet̚/	/t͡sʰɑ/	/t͡sʰuɑ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qie	cuō	cuò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cit³	co¹	co³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤi[t] [tsʰ]ˤaj/

(Zhengzhang): /*sn̥ʰiːd sʰlaːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	切	磋
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiè	cuō
Middle Chinese	‹ tshet ›	‹ tsha ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ˁi[t]/	/*[tsʰ]ˁaj/
English	cut; urgent	file, polish (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	切	磋
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	9908	18011
Phonetic component	七	左
Rime group	質	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime		蹉
Old Chinese	/*sn̥ʰiːd/	/*sʰlaːl/

Verb

切磋

(literally) to cut and polish (stones, bones, horns)
(figuratively) to compare notes; to learn (skills) from each other

Derived terms

切磋琢磨 (qiēcuōzhuómó)

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