磋

磋 U+78CB, 磋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78CB
← 磊
[U+78CA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 磌 →
[U+78CC]

Translingual

Han character

磋 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一口廿手一 (MRTQM), four-corner 18611, composition ⿰石差)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 834, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24395
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1252, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2445, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+78CB

Chinese
trad. 磋
simp. # 磋

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (左) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
左 *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls
佐 *ʔsaːls
袏 *ʔslaːls
蹉 *sʰlaːl
瑳 *sʰlaːl, *sʰlaːlʔ
搓 *sʰlaːl
磋 *sʰlaːl
溠 *sʰlaːl, *sraːl, *ʔsraːls
傞 *sʰlaːl, *slaːl
醝 *zlaːl
瘥 *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *sʰreːls
鹺 *zlaːl
嵯 *zlaːl, *sʰral
嵳 *zlaːl
蒫 *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *ʔslɯl
艖 *zlaːl, *sʰraːl
齹 *zlaːl, *sʰral, *zral
縒 *slaːlʔ, *sʰral, *sʰlaːɡ
褨 *slaːlʔ
嗟 *ʔsljal
差 *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral
鎈 *sʰraːl
槎 *zraːl, *zraːlʔ
髊 *zlals

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰlaːl) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 差 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 磋 磋
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 歌 (94) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 七何切 七過切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰa/ /t͡sʰwaH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰɑ/ /t͡sʰuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 cuō cuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 co1 co3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 磋
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 cuō
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsha ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[tsʰ]ˁaj/
English file, polish (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 磋
Reading # 1/1
No. 18011
Phonetic
component		 左
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 蹉
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰlaːl/

Definitions

磋

  1. † (literally) to polish
  2. ⁜ (figurative) to deliberate

Compounds
  • 如切如磋
  • 磋商 (cuōshāng)
  • 磋摩

Japanese

Kanji
磋

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings
  • Go-on: さ (sa)
  • Kan-on: さ (sa)
  • Kun: みがく (migaku, 磋く)

Korean

Hanja

磋 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

磋: Hán Nôm readings: tha

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings
  • Nôm: tha, xây

References
  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville
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