encircle; circuit; complete encircle; circuit; complete; lap; week; cycle; all; every; attentive; thoughtful |
year | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (周年/週年) | 周/週 | 年 | |
| simp. (周年) | 周 | 年 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 周 | 年 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 職流切 | 奴顚切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ɕɨu/ | /nen/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/t͡ɕiu/ | /nen/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ɕiəu/ | /nɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/cuw/ | /nɛn/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡ɕiu/ | /nen/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡ɕĭəu/ | /nien/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/ | /nien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhōu | nián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
zau1 | nin4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 周 | 年 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zhōu | nián |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tsyuw › | ‹ nen › |
| Old Chinese |
/*tiw/ | /*C.nˁi[ŋ]/ |
| English | cycle; all around | harvest; year |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 周 | 年 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 17531 | 9482 |
| Phonetic component |
周 | 秊 |
| Rime group |
幽 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
周 | |
| Old Chinese |
/*tjɯw/ | /*niːŋ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象田間稼密， 爲稠初文 |
同秊 |