坱圠

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (坱圠/坱軋)		坱	圠/軋
simp. (坱圠)		坱	圠
alternative forms		軮軋／𬨄轧

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎngyà

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˇ ㄧㄚˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎngyà
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˇ ㄧㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎngyà
  - Wade–Giles: yang³-ya⁴
  - Yale: yǎng-yà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeangyah
  - Palladius: янъя (janʺja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ jä⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: /ʔɑŋ^X ʔˠat̚/

Rime
Character	坱	圠
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)	山 (71)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	烏朗切	烏黠切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑŋ^X/	/ʔˠat̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑŋ^X/	/ʔᵚat̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑŋ^X/	/ʔɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaŋ^X/	/ʔaɨt̚/
Li Rong	/ʔɑŋ^X/	/ʔat̚/
Wang Li	/ɑŋ^X/	/at̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑŋ^X/	/ʔăt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ǎng	ya
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ong²	aat³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qaːŋʔ qriːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坱	圠
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14477	14915
Phonetic component	央	乙
Rime group	陽	質
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	坱	軋
Old Chinese	/*qaːŋʔ/	/*qriːd/

Adjective

坱圠

(ideophonic, poetic) boundless; vast; immeasurable
雲烝雨降，糾錯相紛。大鈞播物，坱圠無垠。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
云烝雨降，纠错相纷。大钧播物，坱圠无垠。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: Jia Yi (賈誼), c. 174 BCE, The Owl (《鵩鳥賦》). Translated by Burton Watson.
Yúnzhēng yǔjiàng, jiūcuò xiāngfēn. Dàjūn bōwù, yǎngyà wúyín. [Pinyin]
The clouds rise up; the rains come down,
In confusion inextricably joined.
The Great Potter fashions all creatures,
Infinite, boundless, limit unknown.

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