垠

See also: 圻

垠	U+57A0, 垠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57A0

← 垟
[U+579F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

垡 →
[U+57A1]

Translingual

Han character

垠 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土日女 (GAV), four-corner 4713₂, composition ⿰土艮)

boundary, bank of stream or river

References

KangXi: page 228, character 14

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5054

Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 11

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 442, character 7

Unihan data for U+57A0

Chinese

simp. and trad.		垠

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (艮) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
艱	*krɯːn
齦	kʰrɯːnʔ, kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn
眼	*ŋrɯːnʔ
蛝	*ɡrɯːn
限	*ɡrɯːnʔ
硍	*ɡrɯːnʔ
豤	kʰɯːnʔ, kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn
詪	ɡlɯːnʔ, kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns
根	*kɯːn
跟	*kɯːn
珢	kɯːn, kɯːns, *ŋrɯn
艮	*kɯːns
茛	*kɯːns
墾	*kʰɯːnʔ
懇	*kʰɯːnʔ
垠	ŋɯːn, ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn
泿	ŋɯːn, ŋrɯn
痕	*ɡɯːn
拫	*ɡɯːn
鞎	*ɡɯːn
很	*ɡɯːnʔ
恨	*ɡɯːns
銀	*ŋrɯn
檭	*ŋrɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn) : semantic 土 (“soil”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yín (yin²)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngan⁴
Min Nan (POJ): gûn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yín
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yín
  - Wade–Giles: yin²
  - Yale: yín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yn
  - Palladius: инь (inʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngan⁴
  - Yale: ngàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐn²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gûn
  - Tâi-lô: gûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: guun
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡun²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡun²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡun¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡun²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡun²³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋˠiɪn/, /ŋɨn/, /ŋən/

Rime
Character	垠	垠	垠
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	眞 (44)	欣 (57)	痕 (53)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	I
Fanqie	語巾切	語斤切	五根切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiɪn/	/ŋɨn/	/ŋən/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚin/	/ŋɨn/	/ŋən/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋien/	/ŋiən/	/ŋən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋjin/	/ŋɨn/	/ŋən/
Li Rong	/ŋjĕn/	/ŋiən/	/ŋən/
Wang Li	/ŋǐĕn/	/ŋĭən/	/ŋən/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ĕn/	/ŋi̯ən/	/ŋən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yín	yín	én
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngan⁴	ngan⁴	ngan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ər/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋɯːn/, /*ŋrɯn/, /*ŋɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	垠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yín
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjɨn ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ər/
English	raised border, dike
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	垠	垠	垠
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	3932	3940	3944
Phonetic component	艮	艮	艮
Rime group	文	文	文
Rime subdivision	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	垠	銀	䖐
Old Chinese	/*ŋɯːn/	/*ŋrɯn/	/*ŋɯn/
Notes			同圻

Definitions

垠

Compounds

八垠
無垠／无垠 (wúyín)

絕垠／绝垠

邊垠／边垠

Japanese

Kanji

垠

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ごん (gon)
Kan-on: ぎん (gin)
Kun: さかい (sakai, 垠い); きし (kishi, 垠)

Korean

Hanja

垠 • (eun) (hangeul 은)

boundary
bank of stream or river

Vietnamese

Han character

垠: Hán Nôm readings: hằn, ngăn, ngấn, ngân, ngần

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