夭折

Chinese
tender; gentle; to die prematurely
 
tenth (in price); to break; to fold
tenth (in price); to break; to fold; to turn; broken (as of rope, stick)
simp. and trad.
(夭折)		 夭 折

Pronunciation

Note: jiu1 zit3 - common variant.

Verb

夭折

  1. to die young
  2. (figuratively) to come to a premature end; to be short-lived; to be aborted prematurely

Synonyms
  • (die young):

Japanese
Kanji in this term
夭 折
よう
Hyōgaiji		 せつ
Grade: 4
on’yomi kan’on

Etymology

*/euset/ → /eusetu/ → /joːset͡su/

From Middle Chinese 夭折 (MC ʔˠiᴇuX t͡ɕiᴇt̚, literally “die young + die young”).

First cited to a text from 756 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

夭(よう)折(せつ) • (yōsetsu) ←えうせつ (eusetu)?

  1. [from 756] (literary) a premature death, dying while still young

Synonyms

Verb

夭(よう)折(せつ)する • (yōsetsu suru) ←えうせつ (eusetu)?intransitive suru (stem 夭(よう)折(せつ)し (yōsetsu shi), past 夭(よう)折(せつ)した (yōsetsu shita))

  1. [from 756] (literary) to die prematurely, to die while still young

Conjugation
Conjugation of "夭折する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 夭折し ようせつし yōsetsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 夭折し ようせつし yōsetsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 夭折する ようせつする yōsetsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 夭折する ようせつする yōsetsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 夭折すれ ようせつすれ yōsetsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 夭折せよ¹
夭折しろ²		 ようせつせよ¹
ようせつしろ²		 yōsetsu seyo¹
yōsetsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 夭折される ようせつされる yōsetsu sareru
Causative 夭折させる
夭折さす		 ようせつさせる
ようせつさす		 yōsetsu saseru
yōsetsu sasu
Potential 夭折できる ようせつできる yōsetsu dekiru
Volitional 夭折しよう ようせつしよう yōsetsu shiyō
Negative 夭折しない ようせつしない yōsetsu shinai
Negative continuative 夭折せず ようせつせず yōsetsu sezu
Formal 夭折します ようせつします yōsetsu shimasu
Perfective 夭折した ようせつした yōsetsu shita
Conjunctive 夭折して ようせつして yōsetsu shite
Hypothetical conditional 夭折すれば ようせつすれば yōsetsu sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  4. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
夭折

Noun

夭折 • (yojeol) (hangeul 요절)

  1. Hanja form? of 요절 (“premature death”).
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