夭逝

Chinese
tender; gentle; to die prematurely depart; die
trad. (夭逝) 夭 逝
simp. #(夭逝) 夭 逝

Pronunciation

Note: jiu1 sai6 - common variant.

Verb

夭逝

  1. (literary) to die young
  2. (literary, figuratively) to come to a premature end; to be short-lived; to be aborted prematurely

Synonyms
  • (to die young):

Japanese
Kanji in this term
夭 逝
よう
Hyōgaiji		 せい
Grade: S
on’yomi kan’on

Etymology

Ultimately from Chinese 夭逝 (literally “die young + die, pass away”), possibly as a learned borrowing from Chinese. Likely used as a slight orthographic variant of more-common and older synonym 夭折 (yōsetsu), adding the 辶 (chuò) element to the 折 character. Listed in some dictionaries as a synonym for 夭折 (yōsetsu) with more Chinese overtones.[1]

First cited to 1935, compared to a first attestation of 756 CE for 夭折 (yōsetsu).[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

夭(よう)逝(せい) • (yōsei) ←えうせい (eusei)?

  1. [from 1935] a premature death, dying while still young
    Synonym: 夭折 (yōsetsu)

Verb

夭(よう)逝(せい)する • (yōsei suru) ←えうせい (eusei)?intransitive suru (stem 夭(よう)逝(せい)し (yōsei shi), past 夭(よう)逝(せい)した (yōsei shita))

  1. [from 1935] to die prematurely, to die while still young
    Synonym: 夭折 (yōsetsu)

Conjugation
Conjugation of "夭逝する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 夭逝し ようせいし yōsei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 夭逝し ようせいし yōsei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 夭逝する ようせいする yōsei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 夭逝する ようせいする yōsei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 夭逝すれ ようせいすれ yōsei sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 夭逝せよ¹
夭逝しろ²		 ようせいせよ¹
ようせいしろ²		 yōsei seyo¹
yōsei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 夭逝される ようせいされる yōsei sareru
Causative 夭逝させる
夭逝さす		 ようせいさせる
ようせいさす		 yōsei saseru
yōsei sasu
Potential 夭逝できる ようせいできる yōsei dekiru
Volitional 夭逝しよう ようせいしよう yōsei shiyō
Negative 夭逝しない ようせいしない yōsei shinai
Negative continuative 夭逝せず ようせいせず yōsei sezu
Formal 夭逝します ようせいします yōsei shimasu
Perfective 夭逝した ようせいした yōsei shita
Conjunctive 夭逝して ようせいして yōsei shite
Hypothetical conditional 夭逝すれば ようせいすれば yōsei sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
夭逝

Noun

夭逝 • (yoseo) (hangeul 요서)

  1. Hanja form? of 요서.
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