如意

Chinese

	as (if); such as	idea; meaning; wish idea; meaning; wish; desire; (abbr.) Italy
trad. (如意)	如	意
simp. ^#(如意)	如	意
Literally: “according to [one's] wishes”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rúyì

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˊ ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ ji³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì-yi
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): jû-ì / lû-ì / jî-ì / lîr-ì

(Teochew, Peng'im): ru⁵ i³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rúyì
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˊ ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rúyì
  - Wade–Giles: ju²-i⁴
  - Yale: rú-yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruyih
  - Palladius: жуи (žui)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu³⁵ i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁴ ji³
  - Yale: yùh yi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ ji³
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ yi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹ jiː³³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-yi
  - Hakka Romanization System: iˇ i
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi² yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i¹¹ i⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-yi
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ (r)i
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi² yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹ (j)i⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jû-ì
  - Tâi-lô: jû-ì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ju'ix
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu²³⁻³³ i²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lû-ì
  - Tâi-lô: lû-ì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lu'ix
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lu²⁴⁻²² i⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lu²⁴⁻²² i²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lu²⁴⁻¹¹ i¹¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jî-ì
  - Tâi-lô: jî-ì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ji'ix
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑi²³⁻³³ i²¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑi¹³⁻²² i²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîr-ì
  - Tâi-lô: lîr-ì
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ²⁴⁻²² i⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ru⁵ i³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jû ì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ i²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /ȵɨʌ|ȵɨʌH ʔɨH/

Rime
Character	如	如	意
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	日 (38)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	魚 (22)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	人諸切	人恕切	於記切
Baxter	nyo	nyoH	'iH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨʌ/	/ȵɨʌ^H/	/ʔɨ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔ^H/	/ʔɨ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiɔ/	/ȵʑiɔ^H/	/ʔie^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵɨə̆/	/ȵɨə̆^H/	/ʔɨ^H/
Li Rong	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔ^H/	/ʔiə^H/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭo/	/ȵʑĭo^H/	/ĭə^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯wo/	/ȵʑi̯wo^H/	/ʔi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rú	rù	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁴	jyu⁶	ji³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*na ʔ(r)ək-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*nja|njas qɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	如	意
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rú	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ nyo ›	‹ ʔi^H ›
Old Chinese	/*na/	/*ʔ(r)ək-s/
English	as, like, if	thought (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	如	如	意
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	9623	9631	15153
Phonetic component	女	女	意
Rime group	魚	魚	代
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	如	洳	意
Old Chinese	/*nja/	/*njas/	/*qɯɡs/

Verb

如意

to be as one wishes; to be satisfactory
誰有不如意的時候。 [MSC, trad.]
谁有不如意的时候。 [MSC, simp.]
Shéi yǒu bù rúyì de shíhòu. [Pinyin]
We've all been through hard times before.

Synonyms

edit

Synonyms of 如意

中意 (zhòngyì)
合心 (héxīn)
合意 (héyì)
心甘 (xīngān)
甘心 (gānxīn) (usually in the negative)
滿／满 (mǎn)

滿意／满意 (mǎnyì)
滿足／满足 (mǎnzú)
稱心／称心 (chènxīn)
順心／顺心 (shùnxīn) (literary)
飽足／饱足 (bǎozú) (literary)
饜足／餍足 (yànzú) (literary)

Derived terms

不如意事，十常八九 (bù rúyì shì, shí cháng bā jiǔ)
如意套 (rúyìtào)
如意郎君 (rúyìlángjūn)
新正如意 (xīnzhēng rúyì)

如意算盤／如意算盘 (rúyìsuànpán)
稱心如意／称心如意 (chènxīnrúyì)
萬事如意／万事如意 (wànshìrúyì)

Noun

如意

如意 (rúyì, “sceptre”)

ceremonial sceptre (auspicious decorative object associated with Chinese Buddhist ritual made from bone or jade, with a cloud or lingzhi-shaped head and slightly curved handle)
backscratcher

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (如意):

→ Japanese: 如(にょ)意(い) (nyoi)
→ Korean: 여의(如意) (yeoui)
→ Vietnamese: như ý (如意)

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