山歌

Chinese

		mountain; hill	song
simp. and trad. (山歌)		山	歌

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shāngē

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢㄍㄜ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saan¹ go¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sân-kô

(Meixian, Guangdong): san¹ go¹
Min Nan (POJ): san-ko͘ / san-ko / soaⁿ-koa

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shāngē
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢㄍㄜ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shange
  - Wade–Giles: shan¹-ko¹
  - Yale: shān-gē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shange
  - Palladius: шаньгэ (šanʹgɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shāngēr
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢㄍㄜㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shanger
  - Wade–Giles: shan¹-kêrh¹
  - Yale: shān-gēr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shange'l
  - Palladius: шаньгэр (šanʹgɛr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵ kɤɻ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: saan¹ go¹
  - Yale: sāan gō
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saan¹ go¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: san¹ go¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sân-kô
  - Hakka Romanization System: san´ go´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: san¹ go¹
  - Sinological IPA: /san²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: san¹ go¹
  - Sinological IPA: /san⁴⁴ ko⁴⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: san-ko͘
  - Tâi-lô: san-koo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sankof
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /san³³ kɔ³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: san-ko
  - Tâi-lô: san-ko
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sankoy
  - IPA (Taipei): /san⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /san⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /san⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-koa
  - Tâi-lô: suann-kua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svoa'koaf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ kua³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ʃˠɛn kɑ/

Rime
Character	山	歌
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	山 (73)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	所閒切	古俄切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠɛn/	/kɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚæn/	/kɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃæn/	/kɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂəɨn/	/ka/
Li Rong	/ʃɛn/	/kɑ/
Wang Li	/ʃæn/	/kɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂăn/	/kɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān	gē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saan¹	go¹

Noun

山歌

folk song; mountain song; hill song (Classifier: 首; 支)
- 阿公啊，挨弦仔，阿婆就來唱山歌。 [Sixian Hakka, trad.]
  阿公啊，挨弦仔，阿婆就来唱山歌。 [Sixian Hakka, simp.]
  From: 黃連煜, 客家世界
  Â-kûng â, âi hièn-é, â-phò chhiu lòi chhong sân-kô. [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]
  Grandpa's playing the huqin; grandma comes to sing hill songs.
客家山歌 ― kèjiā shāngē ― Hakka hill song

壯族山歌／壮族山歌 ― zhuàngzú shāngē ― Zhuang folk song

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