| mountain; hill | mound; tomb; hill mound; tomb; hill; mountain | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (山陵) | 山 | 陵 | |
| simp. #(山陵) | 山 | 陵 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 山 | 陵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 山 (73) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 所閒切 | 力膺切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʃˠɛn/ | /lɨŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʃᵚæn/ | /lɨŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʃæn/ | /lieŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʂəɨn/ | /liŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʃɛn/ | /liəŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/ʃæn/ | /lĭəŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʂăn/ | /li̯əŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shān | líng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
saan1 | ling4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 山 | 陵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shān | líng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ srɛn › | ‹ ling › |
| Old Chinese |
/*s-ŋrar/ | /*[r]əŋ/ |
| English | mountain, hill | mound, hill |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 山 | 陵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11052 | 8246 |
| Phonetic component |
山 | 夌 |
| Rime group |
元 | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
山 | 陵 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sreːn/ | /*rɯŋ/ |