得る

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
得
え
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
獲 (uncommon)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Man'yōshū of 759.[1]

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "得る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
得る え​る [éꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 得ろ え​ろ [éꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 得られる えられ​る [èráréꜜrù]
Causative 得させる えさせ​る [èsáséꜜrù]
Potential 得る え​る [éꜜrù]
Volitional 得よう えよ​ー [èyóꜜò]
Negative 得ない え​ない [éꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 得なかった え​なかった [éꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 得ます えま​す [èmáꜜsù]
Perfective 得た え​た [éꜜtà]
Conjunctive 得て え​て [éꜜtè]
Hypothetical conditional 得れば え​れば [éꜜrèbà]

Verb

得(え)る • (eru) transitive ichidan (stem 得(え) (e), past 得(え)た (eta))

  1. [from 759] to get, acquire, gain, obtain, win, catch
  2. [from 1073] (following a verb in the attributive conjugation plus particle を (o) or abstract noun 事 (koto, “fact, instance, occurrence”)) to be able to, can (compare English get to do)
  3. [from 1073] (by extension; in the form ざるを得(え)ない (-zaru o enai) following the imperfective form of a verb) cannot help but doing, cannot but do

Conjugation

Synonyms

Antonyms

See also

Suffix

得(う)る • (-uru) 

  1. [from 759] to be able to, -able
    出来(でき)得(う)る限(かぎ)り吾輩(わがはい)を入(い)れてくれた主人(しゅじん)の傍(そば)にいる事(こと)をつとめた。
    Dekiuru kagiri wagahai o irete kureta shujin no soba ni iru koto o tsutometa.
    I tried to be at the side of the master who let me in as much as possible.

Conjugation

References

  1. “得・獲”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  2. 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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