擦る

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
擦
す
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
摩る
磨る
擂る

From Old Japanese,[1][2][3] from Proto-Japonic *suru. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *suri.

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "擦る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 擦る す​る [súꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 擦れ す​れ [súꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive 擦られる すられ​る [sùráréꜜrù]
Causative 擦らせる すらせ​る [sùráséꜜrù]
Potential 擦れる すれ​る [sùréꜜrù]
Volitional 擦ろう すろ​ー [sùróꜜò]
Negative 擦らない すら​ない [sùráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 擦らなかった すら​なかった [sùráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 擦ります すりま​す [sùrímáꜜsù]
Perfective 擦った す​った [súꜜttà]
Conjunctive 擦って す​って [súꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 擦れば す​れば [súꜜrèbà]

Verb

擦(す)る • (suru) transitive godan (stem 擦(す)り (suri), past 擦(す)った (sutta))

  1. [from 720] rub, scrub
  2. strike a match
  3. lose at gambling
Conjugation
Conjugation of "擦る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 擦ら すら sura
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 擦り すり suri
Shūshikei ("terminal") 擦る する suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 擦る する suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 擦れ すれ sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 擦れ すれ sure
Key constructions
Passive 擦られる すられる surareru
Causative 擦らせる
擦らす		 すらせる
すらす		 suraseru
surasu
Potential 擦れる すれる sureru
Volitional 擦ろう すろう surō
Negative 擦らない すらない suranai
Negative continuative 擦らず すらず surazu
Formal 擦ります すります surimasu
Perfective 擦った すった sutta
Conjunctive 擦って すって sutte
Hypothetical conditional 擦れば すれば sureba

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
擦
かす
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
掠る

Cognate with 掠める (kasumeru, “to rob”) and かすか (kasuka, “faint”).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

擦(かす)る • (kasuru) transitive godan (stem 擦(かす)り (kasuri), past 擦(かす)った (kasutta))

  1. [from c. 1252-1267] to graze, to touch lightly
  2. to take a cut (of profits, etc.), to exploit, to extort

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
擦
こす
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Possibly a compound of こ (ko) +‎ 擦る (suru, “to rub”).[1][4] The ko element might be 粉 (ko, “powder, flour”).[4]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) こす​る [kòsúꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ko̞sɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "擦る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 擦る こす​る [kòsúꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 擦れ こす​れ [kòsúꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive 擦られる こすられ​る [kòsúráréꜜrù]
Causative 擦らせる こすらせ​る [kòsúráséꜜrù]
Potential 擦れる こすれ​る [kòsúréꜜrù]
Volitional 擦ろう こすろ​ー [kòsúróꜜò]
Negative 擦らない こすら​ない [kòsúráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 擦らなかった こすら​なかった [kòsúráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 擦ります こすりま​す [kòsúrímáꜜsù]
Perfective 擦った こす​った [kòsúꜜttà]
Conjunctive 擦って こす​って [kòsúꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 擦れば こす​れば [kòsúꜜrèbà]

Verb

擦(こす)る • (kosuru) transitive godan (stem 擦(こす)り (kosuri), past 擦(こす)った (kosutta))

  1. to rub
    目(め)をこする
    me o kosuru
    to rub one's eyes
  2. to scrub, to scour
  3. to scrape, to scratch
Usage notes

This term is often spelled in hiragana.

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
擦
なす
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Unknown. A surface analysis suggests a compound with the second element being 擦る (suru, “to rub”).

First cited to a text from circa 1809-1813.[5]

Pronunciation

Verb

擦(なす)る • (nasuru) transitive godan (stem 擦(なす)り (nasuri), past 擦(なす)った (nasutta))

  1. to smear, to rub on to (something), to spread over (something)
    Synonym: 塗る (nuru)
  2. to lay blame on (someone), to attribute responsibility to (someone)

Etymology 5
For pronunciation and definitions of 擦る – see the following entry.
【なぞる】
[verb] to trace (something already written or drawn); to copy
[verb] to trace (with the finger)
(This term, 擦る, is an alternative (uncommon) spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 6
Kanji in this term
擦
さす
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 擦る – see the following entry.
【摩さする】
[verb] rub a part of the body to alleviate pain etc.
(This term, 擦る, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. Maner Lawton Thorpe (1983) Ryūkyūan Language History‎, page 322
  5. “擦”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
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