| pine | Catalpa; Mallotus japonicus | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (松楸) | 松 | 楸 | |
| simp. #(松楸) | 松 | 楸 | |
松 (sōng, “pine tree”) and 楸 (qiū, “Catalpa bungei”) used to be trees commonly planted in graveyards, hence becoming a metonym for graves.
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 松 | 楸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 祥容切 | 七由切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/zɨoŋ/ | /t͡sʰɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/zioŋ/ | /t͡sʰiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/zioŋ/ | /t͡sʰiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/zuawŋ/ | /t͡sʰuw/ |
| Li Rong |
/zioŋ/ | /t͡sʰiu/ |
| Wang Li |
/zĭwoŋ/ | /t͡sʰĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/zi̯woŋ/ | /t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
sóng | qiū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
cung4 | cau1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 松 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
sōng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ zjowng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*sə.ɢoŋ/ |
| English | pine (n.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 松 | 楸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4115 | 10540 |
| Phonetic component |
公 | 秋 |
| Rime group |
東 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
松 | 秋 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sɢloŋ/ | /*sʰɯw/ |