松

See also: 鬆
松 U+677E, 松
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-677E
← 杽
[U+677D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 板 →
[U+677F]

Translingual
Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

松 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木金戈 (DCI), four-corner 48932, composition ⿰木公)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 514, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14516
  • Dae Jaweon: page 901, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1173, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+677E

Chinese

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (公) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
慃 *qroːŋʔ
袞 *kluːnʔ
蔉 *kluːnʔ
滾 *kluːnʔ
忩 *sʰloːŋ
鬆 *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ
凇 *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ
公 *kloːŋ
蚣 *kloːŋ, *kljoŋ
翁 *qloːŋ
螉 *qloːŋ
蓊 *qloːŋ, *qloːŋʔ
嗡 *qloːŋ
滃 *qloːŋʔ
暡 *qloːŋʔ
勜 *qloːŋʔ
塕 *qloːŋʔ
瓮 *qloːŋs
崧 *sqʰluŋ
菘 *sqʰluŋ
硹 *sqʰluŋ
淞 *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ
蜙 *sqʰloŋ
倯 *sqʰloŋ
松 *sɢloŋ
訟 *sɢloŋ, *sɢloŋs
頌 *sɢloŋs, *loŋ
忪 *kljoŋ
彸 *kljoŋ
衳 *kljoŋ
伀 *kljoŋ
妐 *kljoŋ
炂 *kljoŋ
鈆 *kljoŋ, *lon

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sɢloŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ).

Etymology 1
trad. 松
simp. # 松
alternative forms 枩
柗
梥
枀

Miyake (1997), apud Schuessler (2007), associated 松 (OC *sɢloŋ) with Old Japanese 杉 (sugi2, “cryptomeria”); superficially similar to Thai สน (sǒn, “pine”).

The regular Mandarin pronunciation as predicted from Middle Chinese is sóng. The sound change to the yinping (陰平／阴平) pronunciation in Mandarin dialects is to avoid homophony with the word 㞞／𪨊 (sóng, “semen”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • chêng/chhêng - vernacular (chêng is more common in Xiamen and Quanzhou);
  • siông - literary.
Note:
  • sêng5 - vernacular;
  • song5 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: zong2
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /t͡sʊŋ¹³/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /t͡sən¹³/
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 松 (松樹)
Mandarin Beijing /suŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /suŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /suŋ²¹/
Jinan /ɕyŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /səŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /syuŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /suŋ²¹/
Xining /suə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /suŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /sũn³¹/
Ürümqi /suŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /soŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /soŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /soŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /soŋ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /soŋ³¹/
Hefei /səŋ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /suəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /suŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /soŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /soŋ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /soŋ³³/
Wenzhou /jyɔ³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sʰan⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /soŋ³³/
/t͡soŋ¹³/
Xiangtan /sən³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiuŋ²⁴/ ～毛
/suŋ⁴²/ ～香
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰiuŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /suŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰoŋ²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰuŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰuŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /siɔŋ³⁵/
/t͡siŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /syŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sœyŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /soŋ⁵⁵/
/seŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /toŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 松
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 祥容切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /zɨoŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /zioŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /zioŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /zuawŋ/
Li
Rong		 /zioŋ/
Wang
Li		 /zĭwoŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /zi̯woŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 sóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 cung4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 松
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 sōng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ zjowng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*sə.ɢoŋ/
English pine (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 松
Reading # 1/1
No. 4115
Phonetic
component		 公
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 松
Old
Chinese		 /*sɢloŋ/

Definitions

松

  1. pine tree
  2. a surname, 216th in the Baijiaxing

Compounds
Derived terms from 松

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 松 – see 鬆 (“disheveled; unkempt; loose; etc.”).
(This character, 松, is the simplified form of 鬆.)
Notes:

References

Japanese
Shinjitai 松
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]
松󠄁
松+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
松󠄃
松+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
松

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Alternative forms

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
松
まつ
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Noun

松(まつ) • (matsu) ←まつ (matu)?

  1. a pine tree
  2. a pine branch decorated for the celebration of New Year
  3. the highest rank of a 3-tier ranking system

Coordinate terms

Proper noun

松(まつ) • (Matsu) 

  1. a surname

References
  1. 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “松”, in 字通 普及版 (Jitsū fukyūban, “Jitsū trade edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  2. 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1112 (paper), page 607 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
  3. 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 669 (paper), page 347 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
  4. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  6. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

松 (eumhun 소나무 송 (sonamu song))

  1. pine

Vietnamese

Han character

松: Hán Nôm readings: tùng, thông, tòng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Zhuang

Numeral

松

  1. Sawndip form of song
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