柿

See also: 杮 and 枾
柿 U+67FF, 柿
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67FF
← 柾
[U+67FE]
CJK Unified Ideographs 栀 →
[U+6800]

Translingual

Han character

柿 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木卜中月 (DYLB), four-corner 45927, composition ⿰木市)

References

  • KangXi: not present, would follow page 521, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14681
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1188, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+67FF

Chinese

simp. and trad.
柿
alternative forms 柹
枾
𣐈

Glyph origin

Originally written as 柹: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zrɯʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 𠂔 ().

The current form is phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zrɯʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 市 (OC *djɯʔ).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation


Note:
  • khī/khǐ - vernacular;
  • sī/sǐ - literary.
Note:
  • shr5 - vernacular;
  • shr4 - literary.

Rime
Character 柿
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 崇 (20)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 鉏里切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʒɨX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʒieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Li
Rong
/d͡ʒiəX/
Wang
Li
/d͡ʒĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɖ͡ʐʱiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 柿
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shì
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzrijX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[dz]rijʔ/ (? or *S.ɢrijʔ)
English persimmon

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 柿
Reading # 1/1
No. 17877
Phonetic
component
秭
Rime
group
之
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
士
Old
Chinese
/*zrɯʔ/
Notes 見禮記,柹字注俗作柿(手冊直代柹列)

Definitions

柿

  1. persimmon (Classifier: 個/个 c)

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Proto-Mien: *djəiᴮ

Japanese

Kanji

柿

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. persimmon

Readings

  • Go-on: じ (ji)
  • Kan-on: し (shi)
  • Kun: かき (kaki, 柿, Jōyō)

Usage notes

  • Not to be confused with 杮 (kokera, “wood chips”). Note that this kanji 柿 (kaki) uses the character 市 (shì) as the right-hand portion, which consists of five strokes with two separate strokes for the central vertical. Meanwhile, 杮 (kokera) uses the character 巿 (fú) as the right-hand portion, which consists of four strokes with a single stroke for the central vertical.

Etymology

Kanji in this term
柿
かき
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. First cited in a text from 770.[1]

Further derivation uncertain. Possibilities include:

/kakayaki/ → */kakyaki/ → */kakaki/ → */kakki/ → /kaki/
/kataki/ → /kaki/
  • From 硬き (kataki), the classical 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of modern 硬い (katai, “hard (not soft)”), from the hardness of the unripened fruit.[2]
/akaki/ → /kaki/
  • From 赤き (akaki), the classical 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of modern 赤い (akai, “red”), from the color of the ripened fruit.[2][3]
  • From 赤黄 (akaki, “red-yellow”), from the color of the ripened fruit.[2]
  • From 赤木 (akaki, “red tree”), from the color of the foliage in autumn.[2][3]

While at least one reference considers the akaki derivation more likely,[2] this kind of phonological shift, wherein the first vowel disappears, is not a common pattern in attested Japanese. That said, the kakayaki and kataki derivations are also problematic, considering the lack of any evidence for intermediary forms.

Pronunciation

Noun

柿(かき) • (kaki) 

  1. [from 770] a persimmon, especially the Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki)
  2. [from 1170] Short for 柿色 (kakiiro). a yellowish-red color, like the fruit of the Japanese persimmon
  3. [from 1819] a 布子 (nunoko, “cotton-paded clothing”) dyed in kakiiro
    Synonym: 柿衣 (kakiso)

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カキ.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Indonesian: kaki (“persimmon”)
  • → Portuguese: caqui (“persimmon”)

Proper noun

柿(かき) • (Kaki) 

  1. a surname

References

  1. “柿”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  2. Entry in Gogen Yurai Jiten ("Etymology Derivation Dictionary"; in Japanese)
  3. Entry in Nihon Jiten (in Japanese)
  4. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

柿 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si, Yale si)

  1. a persimmon

Vietnamese

Han character

柿: Hán Nôm readings: thị

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.