秘密

See also: 祕密

Chinese

		secret	secret; confidential; close secret; confidential; close; thick; dense
trad. (秘密/祕密)		秘/祕	密
simp. (秘密)		秘	密

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): mìmì

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˋ ㄇㄧˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): бими (bimi, III-II)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bei³ mat⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): bi¹ mit⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pi-me̍t
Min Dong (BUC): bé-mĭk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): pì-bi̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): bi³ mig⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): ²pi-miq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mìmì → mìmi (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˋ ㄇㄧˋ → ㄇㄧˋ ˙ㄇㄧ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mìmi̊
  - Wade–Giles: mi⁴-mi⁵
  - Yale: mì-mi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mih.mih
  - Palladius: мими (mimi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi⁵¹/ → /mi⁵¹ mi¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    密密
    密祕／密秘
    汨汨
    祕密／秘密
    秘密

Note: Initial of first syllable is irregular (due to assimilation).

- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: бими (bimi, III-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁴⁴ mi⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bei³ mat⁶
  - Yale: bei maht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei³ mat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi³ med⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯³³ mɐt̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: bi¹ mit⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi³³ ᵐbit̚³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pi-me̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: bi med
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bi⁴ med⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /pi⁵⁵ met̚⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bé-mĭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ miʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì-bi̍t
  - Tâi-lô: pì-bi̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pie'bit
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pi²¹⁻⁵³ bit̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bit̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi²¹⁻⁵³ bit̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pi¹¹⁻⁵³ bit̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi²¹⁻⁴¹ bit̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bi³ mig⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pì mi̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ mik̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ²pi-miq
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi³³ mi̯ɪʔ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /pˠiɪ^H mˠiɪt̚/

Rime
Character	秘	密
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)	眞 (49)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	兵媚切	美畢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠiɪ^H/	/mˠiɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚi^H/	/mᵚit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/piɪ^H/	/miet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pji^H/	/mjit̚/
Li Rong	/pji^H/	/mjĕt̚/
Wang Li	/pi^H/	/mĭĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi^H/	/mi̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bì	mì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei³	mat⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*mpriɡs mriɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	密
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mì
Middle Chinese	‹ mit ›
Old Chinese	/*mri[t]/
English	dense
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	秘	密
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	553	591
Phonetic component	必	必
Rime group	至	質
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	祕	密
Old Chinese	/*mpriɡs/	/*mriɡ/
Notes	祕注俗字

Noun

秘密

secret (knowledge that is hidden)
保守秘密 ― bǎoshǒu mìmì ― to keep a secret

商業秘密／商业秘密 ― shāngyè mìmì ― trade secret

掌握國家秘密／掌握国家秘密 ― zhǎngwò guójiā mìmì ― to hold state secrets

Synonyms

隱秘／隐秘 (yǐnmì)

Adjective

秘密

secret (being or kept hidden)
秘密結社／秘密结社 ― mìmì jiéshè ― secret society

秘密文件 ― mìmì wénjiàn ― secret documents

Synonyms

詭秘／诡秘 (guǐmì)
隱秘／隐秘 (yǐnmì)

Antonyms

公開／公开 (gōngkāi)

Derived terms

秘密警察 (mìmì jǐngchá)
商業秘密／商业秘密 (shāngyè mìmì)

國家秘密／国家秘密 (guójiā mìmì)
秘密結社／秘密结社 (mìmì jiéshè)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (祕密／秘密):

→ Japanese: 秘(ひ)密(みつ) (himitsu)
→ Korean: 비밀(祕密) (bimil)
→ Vietnamese: bí mật (祕密)

Others:

→ Zhuang: mimiz

Japanese

Kanji in this term
秘	密
ひ Grade: 6	みつ Grade: 6
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
祕密 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon

(Tokyo) ひみつ [hìmítsú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [çimʲit͡sɨᵝ]

Adjective

秘(ひ)密(みつ) • (himitsu) -na (adnominal 秘(ひ)密(みつ)な (himitsu na), adverbial 秘(ひ)密(みつ)に (himitsu ni))

secret

Inflection

Inflection of 秘密

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	秘密だろ	ひみつだろ	himitsu daro
Continuative (連用形)	秘密で	ひみつで	himitsu de
Terminal (終止形)	秘密だ	ひみつだ	himitsu da
Attributive (連体形)	秘密な	ひみつな	himitsu na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	秘密なら	ひみつなら	himitsu nara
Imperative (命令形)	秘密であれ	ひみつであれ	himitsu de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	秘密ではない秘密じゃない	ひみつではないひみつじゃない	himitsu de wa nai himitsu ja nai
Informal past	秘密だった	ひみつだった	himitsu datta
Informal negative past	秘密ではなかった秘密じゃなかった	ひみつではなかったひみつじゃなかった	himitsu de wa nakatta himitsu ja nakatta
Formal	秘密です	ひみつです	himitsu desu
Formal negative	秘密ではありません秘密じゃありません	ひみつではありませんひみつじゃありません	himitsu de wa arimasen himitsu ja arimasen
Formal past	秘密でした	ひみつでした	himitsu deshita
Formal negative past	秘密ではありませんでした秘密じゃありませんでした	ひみつではありませんでしたひみつじゃありませんでした	himitsu de wa arimasen deshita himitsu ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	秘密で	ひみつで	himitsu de
Conditional	秘密なら（ば）	ひみつなら（ば）	himitsu nara (ba)
Provisional	秘密だったら	ひみつだったら	himitsu dattara
Volitional	秘密だろう	ひみつだろう	himitsu darō
Adverbial	秘密に	ひみつに	himitsu ni
Degree	秘密さ	ひみつさ	himitsusa

Classical conjugation of "秘密なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	秘密なら	ひみつなら	fimitunara
Continuative (連用形)	秘密に^[1] 秘密なり^[2]	ひみつにひみつなり	fimituni fimitunari
Terminal (終止形)	秘密なり	ひみつなり	fimitunari
Attributive (連体形)	秘密なる	ひみつなる	fimitunaru
Realis (已然形)	秘密なれ	ひみつなれ	fimitunare
Imperative (命令形)	秘密なれ	ひみつなれ	fimitunare
Key constructions
Negative	秘密ならず	ひみつならず	fimitunarazu
Contrasting conjunction	秘密なれど	ひみつなれど	fimitunaredo
Causal conjunction	秘密なれば	ひみつなれば	fimitunareba
Conditional conjunction	秘密ならば	ひみつならば	fimitunaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	秘密なりき	ひみつなりき	fimitunariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	秘密なりけり	ひみつなりけり	fimitunarikeri
Adverbial	秘密に	ひみつに	fimituni
^[1]Without auxiliary verb. ^[2]With auxiliary verb.

Noun

秘(ひ)密(みつ) • (himitsu)

secret
ハリー・ポッターと秘(ひ)密(みつ)の部(へ)屋(や)
Harī Pottā to Himitsu no Heya
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
- 1905, 夏目漱石, 吾輩は猫である:
  下女(げじょ)は国事(こくじ)の秘密(ひみつ)でも語(はか)る時(とき)のように大得意(だいとくい)である。
  Gejo wa kokuji no himitsu demo hakaru toki no yō ni daitokui de aru.
  The maid acted as if she were telling him some kind of national secret.

Usage notes

More formal than 内緒(ないしょ) (naisho), though both can be used in casual setting.

Synonyms

内緒(ないしょ) (naisho), 内密(ないみつ) (naimitsu), 密(ひそ)か (hisoka)

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
秘	密

Noun

秘密 • (bimil) (hangeul 비밀)

Hanja form^? of 비밀 (“secret”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
秘	密

Noun

秘密

chữ Hán form of bí mật (“secret”).

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN