掌握

Chinese

		palm (of hand); in charge of	shake hands; to hold; to grasp
simp. and trad. (掌握)		掌	握

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhǎngwò

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˇ ㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng² ak¹, zoeng² aak¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chóng-vok
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chióng-ak / chiáng-ak / chióng-ok / chiáng-ok

(Teochew, Peng'im): zion² og⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): ²tsan-oq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎngwò
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ ㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎngwò
  - Wade–Giles: chang³-wo⁴
  - Yale: jǎng-wò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaangwoh
  - Palladius: чжанво (čžanvo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zoeng² ak¹, zoeng² aak¹
  - Yale: jéung āk, jéung āak
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng² ak⁷, dzoeng² aak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: zêng² eg¹, zêng² ag¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃœːŋ³⁵ ɐk̚⁵/, /t͡ʃœːŋ³⁵ aːk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chóng-vok
  - Hakka Romanization System: zong` vog`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zong³ vog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ³¹ vok̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chióng-ak
  - Tâi-lô: tsióng-ak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciofng'ag
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ak̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ak̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáng-ak
  - Tâi-lô: tsiáng-ak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciafng'ag
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ak̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ak̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chióng-ok
  - Tâi-lô: tsióng-ok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciofng'og
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáng-ok
  - Tâi-lô: tsiáng-ok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciafng'og
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zion² og⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsióⁿ ok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩõ⁵²⁻³⁵ ok̚²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ²tsan-oq
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sã³³ ʊʔ⁴⁴/

Verb

掌握

to be in control of; to take charge of; to hold
掌握政權／掌握政权 ― zhǎngwò zhèngquán ― to hold political power

掌握國家秘密／掌握国家秘密 ― zhǎngwò guójiā mìmì ― to hold state secrets
to master; to grasp; to know well
掌握適度原則／掌握适度原则 ― zhǎngwò shìdù yuánzé ― to grasp the principle of moderation

掌握專業技能／掌握专业技能 ― zhǎngwò zhuānyè jìnéng ― to master professional skills

Synonyms

(to be in control of):

edit

Synonyms of 掌握

主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
克制 (kèzhì)
克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
君 (jūn) (literary)
局限 (júxiàn)
左右 (zuǒyòu)
把 (bǎ)
把持 (bǎchí)
把控 (bǎkòng)
抑制 (yìzhì)
抵制 (dǐzhì)
拘束 (jūshù)
按 (àn)
按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
控 (kòng) (literary, or in compounds)
控制 (kòngzhì)
提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
操控 (cāokòng)
支配 (zhīpèi)
束 (shù) (literary, or in compounds)
柄 (bǐng) (literary, or in compounds)
框 (kuàng)
管制 (guǎnzhì)
管束 (guǎnshù)

裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
限 (xiàn)
限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
限制 (xiànzhì)
主張／主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
制約／制约 (zhìyuē)
執掌／执掌 (zhízhǎng)
壓制／压制 (yāzhì)
撙節／撙节 (zǔnjié)
撥弄／拨弄 (bōnòng)
操縱／操纵 (cāozòng)
擺佈／摆布 (bǎibù)
擺治／摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
收斂／收敛 (shōuliǎn)
束縛／束缚 (shùfù)
禁錮／禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
積壓／积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
節制／节制 (jiézhì)
約束／约束 (yuēshù)
統御／统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
統治／统治 (tǒngzhì)
羈束／羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
鎮／镇 (zhèn)
駕馭／驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)

(to know well):

edit

Synonyms of 掌握

了解 (liǎojiě)
悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
懂 (dǒng)
懂得 (dǒngde)
打生 (Wenzhounese)
把握 (bǎwò)
明 (míng) (Cantonese)
明白 (míngbai)
洞悉 (dòngxī)
清亮 (qīngliàng) (mainland China)
清楚 (qīngchu)
熟似 (Min Nan)
熟悉 (shúxī)
熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
理解 (lǐjiě)
知影 (Min Nan)
知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)
知道 (zhīdao)
通解 (tōngjiě) (literary)
醒悟 (xǐngwù)
佔有／占有 (zhànyǒu)
分曉／分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
參悟／参悟 (cānwù)

明瞭／明了 (míngliǎo)
曉得／晓得 (xiǎode)
會悟／会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
熟識／熟识 (shúshí)
理會／理会 (lǐhuì)
瞭悟／了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
瞭然／了然 (liǎorán)
知曉／知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
知識／知识 (zhīshí) (literary)
覺悟／觉悟 (juéwù)
覺醒／觉醒 (juéxǐng)
認識／认识 (rènshi)
諳曉／谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
諳達／谙达 (āndá) (literary)
貫通／贯通 (guàntōng)
通曉／通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
通達／通达 (tōngdá)
達／达 (dá) (literary, or in compounds)
開悟／开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
領悟／领悟 (lǐngwù)
領會／领会 (lǐnghuì)
領略／领略 (lǐnglüè)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
掌	握
しょう Grade: S	あく Grade: S
on’yomi

Noun

掌(しょう)握(あく) • (shōaku)

control

Verb

掌(しょう)握(あく)する • (shōaku suru) suru (stem 掌(しょう)握(あく)し (shōaku shi), past 掌(しょう)握(あく)した (shōaku shita))

to control

Conjugation

Conjugation of "掌握する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	掌握し	しょうあくし	shōaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	掌握し	しょうあくし	shōaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	掌握する	しょうあくする	shōaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	掌握する	しょうあくする	shōaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	掌握すれ	しょうあくすれ	shōaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	掌握せよ¹ 掌握しろ²	しょうあくせよ¹ しょうあくしろ²	shōaku seyo¹ shōaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	掌握される	しょうあくされる	shōaku sareru
Causative	掌握させる掌握さす	しょうあくさせるしょうあくさす	shōaku saseru shōaku sasu
Potential	掌握できる	しょうあくできる	shōaku dekiru
Volitional	掌握しよう	しょうあくしよう	shōaku shiyō
Negative	掌握しない	しょうあくしない	shōaku shinai
Negative continuative	掌握せず	しょうあくせず	shōaku sezu
Formal	掌握します	しょうあくします	shōaku shimasu
Perfective	掌握した	しょうあくした	shōaku shita
Conjunctive	掌握して	しょうあくして	shōaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	掌握すれば	しょうあくすれば	shōaku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
掌	握

Noun

掌握 • (jang'ak) (hangeul 장악)

Hanja form^? of 장악 (“domination; control”).

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