臼

See also: 𦥑, 曰, 白, 日, and 鼠

臼	U+81FC, 臼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81FC

← 臻
[U+81FB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

臽 →
[U+81FD]

⾅	U+2F85, ⾅ KANGXI RADICAL MORTAR

← ⾄
[U+2F84]

Kangxi Radicals

⾆ →
[U+2F86]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

臼 (Kangxi radical 134, 臼+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹X (HX), four-corner 7777₀, composition ⿵⿲丨⿱丿一⿹𠃍一一)

Kangxi radical #134, ⾅.

Derived characters

Appendix:Chinese radical/臼
㧮, 桕, 𭹉, 𧧖, 𧳈, 𩢹, 𩶧, 齨, 𠜃, 𨋺, 𨾹, 𩒦, 𩶿, 䳎
兒, 帠, 䊆, 䢅, 䳔, 鼠, 𪠨, 𡘑, 𭇦, 𣆫, 𨿀, 𩣅, 𪓢, 臽, 𡚒, 㳫, 𤘈, 𦭻, 𮃼, 𦽭, 閰, 裒
𦥚, 㖬, 𢝘, 揑, 湼, 䛼, 毁, 隉, 㷐, 毀, 𢶽, 𣫞

References

KangXi: page 1003, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30173
Dae Jaweon: page 1459, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3037, character 1
Unihan data for U+81FC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		臼

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 臼
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (臼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
臼	*ɡuʔ
齨	*ɡuʔ
桕	*ɡuʔ
舅	*ɡuʔ
舊	*ɡʷɯs
匶	*ɡʷɯs
閰	*kuɡ

Pictogram (象形) : a mortar

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiù (jiu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kau³, kau⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khiû

(Meixian, Guangdong): kiu¹
Min Dong (BUC): kô / kêu
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khǔ / khū / kiǔ / kiū

(Teochew, Peng'im): ku⁶ / giu⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): ³jjieu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiù
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiòu
  - Wade–Giles: chiu⁴
  - Yale: jyòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiow
  - Palladius: цзю (czju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjoʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kau³, kau⁵
  - Yale: kau, káuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kau³, kau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: keo³, keo⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐu̯³³/, /kʰɐu̯¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiû
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯u²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /cʰiu⁴⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kô / kêu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰou²⁴²/, /kʰiɛu²⁴²/

Note:

kô - vernacular;
kêu - litereary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khǔ
  - Tâi-lô: khǔ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰu²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khū
  - Tâi-lô: khū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qu
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰu²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰu³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiǔ
  - Tâi-lô: kiǔ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiū
  - Tâi-lô: kiū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiu
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiu²²/

Note:

khǔ/khū - vernacular;
kiǔ/kiū - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ku⁶ / giu⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khŭ / kiŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu³⁵/, /kiu³⁵/

Note:

ku6 - vernacular;
giu6 - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ³jjieu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥͡ʑiɜ²³/

Middle Chinese: /ɡɨu^X/

Rime
Character	臼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	其九切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/guw^X/
Li Rong	/ɡiu^X/
Wang Li	/ɡĭəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[ɡ]ʷəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡuʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiù
Middle Chinese	‹ gjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*C.[ɡ]ʷəʔ/
English	mortar
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臼
Reading #	1/1
No.	6977
Phonetic component	臼
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	舅
Old Chinese	/*ɡuʔ/

Definitions

臼

mortar (hollow vessel used to pound or crush ingredients)
something which resembles a mortar

Compounds

不落窠臼 (bùluòkējiù)
井臼
操井臼
杵臼 (chǔjiù)
杵臼交
炊臼
炊臼之戚
窠臼 (kējiù)

自操井臼
臼窠 (jiùkē)
虀臼
大臼齒／大臼齿 (dàjiùchǐ)
小臼齒／小臼齿 (xiǎojiùchǐ)
杵臼關節／杵臼关节
炊臼之夢／炊臼之梦
烏臼／乌臼

紡績井臼／纺绩井臼
脫臼／脱臼 (tuōjiù)
臼中無釜／臼中无釜
臼頭深目／臼头深目
臼齒／臼齿 (jiùchǐ)
親操井臼／亲操井臼
門臼／门臼 (ménjiù)
齏臼／齑臼 (jījiù)

References

(Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

Japanese

Kanji

臼

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

millstone; mortar

Readings

Go-on: ぐ (gu)
Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}
Kun: うす (usu, 臼, Jōyō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
臼
うす Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 臼 – see the following entry.

【うす】	[noun] mortar

(This term, 臼, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

臼 (eum 구 (gu))

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Vietnamese

Han character

臼: Hán Nôm readings: cối, cữu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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