| country; village | sincere; willing | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (鄉愿) | 鄉 | 愿 | |
| simp. (乡愿) | 乡 | 愿 | |
| alternative forms | 鄉原／乡原 | ||
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 鄉 | 愿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 許良切 | 魚怨切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/hɨɐŋ/ | /ŋʉɐnH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/hiɐŋ/ | /ŋʷiɐnH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/xiɑŋ/ | /ŋiuɐnH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/hɨaŋ/ | /ŋuanH/ |
| Li Rong |
/xiaŋ/ | /ŋiuɐnH/ |
| Wang Li |
/xĭaŋ/ | /ŋĭwɐnH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/xi̯aŋ/ | /ŋi̯wɐnH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xiāng | yuàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
hoeng1 | jyun6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 鄉 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xiāng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ xjang › |
| Old Chinese |
/*qʰaŋ/ |
| English | village; district |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 鄉 | 愿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13596 | 16198 |
| Phonetic component |
鄉 | 原 |
| Rime group |
陽 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
香 | 願 |
| Old Chinese |
/*qʰaŋ/ | /*ŋʷans/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象兩人對食， 爲饗初文 |
|