霰

霰 U+9730, 霰
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9730
← 霯
[U+972F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 霱 →
[U+9731]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

霰 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+12, 20 strokes, cangjie input 一月廿月大 (MBTBK), four-corner 10248, composition ⿱雨散)

References
  • KangXi: page 1378, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42458
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1887, character 33
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4076, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+9730

Chinese
trad. 霰
simp. # 霰

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (散) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
散 *saːnʔ, *saːns
糤 *saːnʔ
繖 *saːnʔ, *saːns
饊 *saːnʔ
鏾 *saːnʔ
潸 *sraːn, *sraːnʔ
霰 *sqʰeːns
撒 *saːd

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sjar (“hail; sleet”); compare Tibetan སེར (ser, “hail”), Western Tamang सेर (“hail”) (STEDT; Hill, 2014).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • sòaⁿ - vernacular;
  • siàn - literary.
Note:
  • suan3 - vernacular;
  • sang3 - literary.
Rime
Character 霰
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 蘇佃切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /senH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /senH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sɛnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /sɛnH/
Li
Rong		 /senH/
Wang
Li		 /sienH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /sienH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 sin3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 霰
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xiàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ senH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*sˁ[e]r-s/
English sleet

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 霰
Reading # 1/1
No. 10976
Phonetic
component		 散
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 霰
Old
Chinese		 /*sqʰeːns/

Definitions

霰

  1. graupel; hail; sleet

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 霰 (“graupel; granular snow”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 霰
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 霰, 米雪, 雪珠
Mandarin Beijing 雪珠兒, 雪糝兒
Tianjin 雪糝兒
Chengde 雪糝兒
Tangshan 雪疙瘩兒, 衝子
Cangzhou 雪糝兒
Baoding 雪糝兒
Shijiazhuang 雪糝兒
Chifeng 雪粒兒
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 雪珠兒
Heihe 雪珠兒
Qiqihar 雪珠兒
Harbin 雪珠兒, 雪糝子
Jiamusi 雪珠兒
Changchun 米糝子
Tonghua 米糝子
Shenyang 米糝子
Dandong 米糝子
Jinzhou 米糝子雪
Dalian 雪粒子
Yantai 雪豆兒
Yantai (Muping) 雪豆兒
Qingdao 雪疙瘩, 飯不拉
Lijin 飯巴拉子
Zhucheng 雪爽子, 雪瓜子
Jinan 飯不拉子
Jining 雪爽兒
Luoyang 雪疙瘩兒
Wanrong 米顆兒雪
Shangqiu 雪子兒
Yuanyang 雪珠兒
Zhengzhou 雪糝兒
Lingbao 料子
Baihe 雪子兒
Hanzhong 雪珠子
Xi'an 棒棒子雪, 雪糝糝子
Baoji 糝糝雪
Yinchuan 雪疙瘩兒, 雪糝子
Tianshui 雪糝子
Lanzhou 雪糝子, 雪糝糝, 雪疙瘩兒
Dunhuang 明霜
Xining 雪糝糝, 雪蛋蛋 larger
Hami 雪疙瘩
Ürümqi 雪糝子, 雪糝糝子
Wuhan 雪珠子, 雪子子
Yichang 雪珠兒
Xiangyang 雪子兒
Tianmen 雪子子
Hong'an 雪子, 雪子子
Chengdu 雪珠珠兒, 雪顆顆, 雪子子
Dazhou 乾雪兒
Hanyuan 雪珠珠
Xichang 雪珠珠
Guiyang 雪米, 凌毛
Zunyi 雪米米兒, 雪米子兒, 雪子子兒
Bijie 雪子子
Liping 碎米雪
Zhaotong 雪珠
Dali 雪飛飛
Kunming 雪脖子
Guilin 珍珠雪
Liuzhou 魚眼雪, 雪米, 碎米雪, 雪珠
Jishou 沙雪
Changde 雪珠子
Anqing 雪子兒
Xuzhou 鹽粒子, 雪爽兒
Fuyang 鹽子子, 霰
Wuhu 雪子子
Yangzhou 雪珠子
Lianyungang 雪采子
Lianshui 雪采子
Nanjing 雪珠, 雪珠子, 雪子子
Hefei 鹽豆子, 雪子子
Nantong 雪珠
Cantonese Guangzhou 魚眼雪
Gan Nanchang 雪子哩
Lichuan 雪子
Pingxiang 雪子
Hakka Yudu 米頭雪
Huizhou Jixi 雪珠, 雪子
Shexian 雪珠
Jin Taiyuan 雪圪糝糝
Yangyuan 雪疙瘩兒, 雪沙兒
Datong 雪圪糝兒
Xinzhou 雪圪糝子
Lishi 雪圪糝子
Linfen 米顆雪
Changzhi 雪圪糝子
Linhe 雪圪糝糝
Jining 雪顆顆
Hohhot 雪珠
Erenhot 雪珠子
Pingshan 雪糝兒
Zhangjiakou 雪片兒
Handan 的溜子
Linzhou 零彈兒
Suide 雪糝子
Min Bei Jian'ou 霰仔
Min Dong Fuzhou 米雪
Min Nan Xiamen 雪米
Wu Shanghai 雪珠
Shanghai (Chongming) 雪珠
Suzhou 雪珠
Danyang 雪子子
Hangzhou 雪珠兒
Ningbo 雪子
Wenzhou 雪霰子
Jinhua 雪子
Xiang Changsha 雪子子, 雪子
Loudi 雪沙子, 魚眼珠雪 larger

Compounds
  • 凝霰
  • 雪霰

Japanese
霰(arare)

Kanji
霰

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
霰
あられ
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) あられ [àráré] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [a̠ɾa̠ɾe̞]

Noun

霰(あられ) • (arare) 

  1. hail under five millimeters in diameter
  2. diced pieces of food

Synonyms

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 霰 (MC senH). Recorded as Middle Korean 션〯 (syěn) (Yale: syen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 霰 (eumhun 싸라기눈 산 (ssaraginun san))
霰 (eumhun 싸라기눈 선 (ssaraginun seon))

  1. Hanja form? of 산/선 (“hail”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
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