馮

See also: 冯
馮 U+99AE, 馮
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-99AE
← 馭
[U+99AD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 馯 →
[U+99AF]

Translingual

Han character

馮 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+2, 12 strokes, cangjie input 戈一尸手火 (IMSQF), four-corner 31127, composition ⿰冫馬)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 1433, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44579
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1958, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4540, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+99AE

Chinese
trad. 馮
simp. 冯

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 馮
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (仌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
冫 *prɯŋ
冰 *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ
砅 *pʰrɯŋ, *rads
馮 *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ
憑 *bɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ) : phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) + semantic 馬 (“horse”).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • pâng - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • hông - literary.
Rime
Character 馮
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 東 (2)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 房戎切
Baxter bjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bɨuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /biuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /biuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /buwŋ/
Li
Rong		 /biuŋ/
Wang
Li		 /bĭuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱi̯uŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 féng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 fung4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 馮
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 píng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bjuwng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[Cə.b]əŋ/
English Féng (surname)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 馮
Reading # 2/2
No. 861
Phonetic
component		 仌
Rime
group		 蒸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 馮
Old
Chinese		 /*bɯŋ/

Definitions

馮

  1. a place near modern Luoyang
  2. a surname
    馮國璋／冯国璋  ―  Féng Guózhāng  ―  Feng Guozhang (Chinese general and politician in early republican China)

Descendants
  • → English: Feng, Fung, Fong, Foong, Pang
  • → Vietnamese: Phùng, 馮
  • → Indonesian: Fung, Phung

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 馮
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 扶冰切
Baxter bing
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /bɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /bieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /biŋ/
Li
Rong		 /biəŋ/
Wang
Li		 /bĭəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 píng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 ping4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 馮 馮
Reading # 1/3 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 píng píng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bing › ‹ bing ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[b]rəŋ/ /*[b]rəŋ/
English full, solid lean on

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 馮
Reading # 1/2
No. 858
Phonetic
component		 仌
Rime
group		 蒸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 凭
Old
Chinese		 /*brɯŋ/

Definitions

馮

  1. to gallop
  2. (alt. form 淜, 憑／凭) to wade; to cross a river on foot
    暴虎馮河／暴虎冯河  ―  bàohǔfénghé  ―  recklessly courageous
  3. full; great
  4. to covet
  5. to bully
  6. to seize; to encroach on
  7. to climb; to ascend
  8. Alternative form of 憑／凭 (píng, “to lean on”).

Compounds
  • 馮河／冯河
  • 馮虛／冯虚
  • 馮虛御風／冯虚御风
  • 馮軾／冯轼

References

Japanese

Kanji
馮

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. (proper name character)

Readings

Korean

Hanja

馮 • (pung) (hangeul 풍, revised pung, McCune–Reischauer p'ung, Yale phung)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

馮: Hán Nôm readings: Phùng

  1. a Vietnamese surname
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