骨力

Chinese

Etymology 1

		bone	power; force; strength
trad. (骨力)		骨	力
simp. ^#(骨力)		骨	力

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǔlì

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwat¹ lik⁶
Min Nan (POJ): kut-le̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǔlì
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǔlì
  - Wade–Giles: ku³-li⁴
  - Yale: gǔ-lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guulih
  - Palladius: гули (guli)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ li⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    古力
    古麗／古丽
    穀粒／谷粒
    股利
    骨力
    鼓勵／鼓励
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwat¹ lik⁶
  - Yale: gwāt lihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwat⁷ lik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gued¹ lig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐt̚⁵ lɪk̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kut-le̍k
  - Tâi-lô: kut-li̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kutlek
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kut̚³²⁻⁴ liɪk̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: /kuət̚ lɨk̚/

Rime
Character	骨	力
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	魂 (56)	蒸 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古忽切	林直切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuət̚/	/lɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kuot̚/	/lɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuət̚/	/liek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwət̚/	/lik̚/
Li Rong	/kuət̚/	/liək̚/
Wang Li	/kuət̚/	/lĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuət̚/	/li̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gu	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwat¹	lik⁶

Noun

骨力

Etymology 2

		phonetic
trad. (骨力)		骨	力
simp. ^#(骨力)		骨	力
alternative forms		骨立

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From Manchu guli (團結)?”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gúli

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˊ ˙ㄌㄧ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gúli
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˊ ˙ㄌㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gúli̊
  - Wade–Giles: ku²-li⁵
  - Yale: gú-li
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gwu.li
  - Palladius: гули (guli)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku³⁵ li³/

Adjective

骨力

(dialectal Mandarin) vigorous; sturdy
(dialectal Mandarin) hard and level

Etymology 3

		bone	power; force; strength
trad. (骨力)		骨	力
simp. ^#(骨力)		骨	力
alternative forms		搰力勤力

Pronunciation

Min Nan (POJ): kut-la̍t

Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kut-la̍t
  - Tâi-lô: kut-la̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kutlat
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kut̚³²⁻⁴ lat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kut̚⁵⁻²⁴ lat̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kut̚³²⁻⁵ lat̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kut̚³²⁻⁴ lat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kut̚³²⁻⁴ lat̚⁴/

Adjective

骨力

(Min Nan, Puxian Min) hardworking

Synonyms

Synonyms of 骨力

亹亹 (wěiwěi) (literary)
刻苦 (kèkǔ)
力落 (Teochew)
努力 (nǔlì)
勤力 (qínlì) (literary or Cantonese)
勤勉 (qínmiǎn)
勤快 (qínkuài) (informal)
巴劫 (bājié) (literary)
用功 (yònggōng)
骨力 (Min Nan, Puxian Min)

勤勞／勤劳 (qínláo)
勤奮／勤奋 (qínfèn)
勤懇／勤恳 (qínkěn) (diligent and conscientious)
勤謹／勤谨 (Dungan)
堅苦／坚苦 (jiānkǔ) (hardworking and persevering)
巴巴結結／巴巴结结 (bāba-jiējiē) (regional)
急計／急计 (Min Nan)
發狠／发狠 (fāhěn) (Xiang)
耐勞／耐劳 (nàiláo)

References

“Entry #6829”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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